Cause, increase, diagnosis, countermeasures and elimination of Shinkansen shelling

Kondo, Kunihiro; Yoroizaka, Katsunori; Sato, Yoshihiko

doi:10.1016/0043-1648(95)06727-2

Cited by 50 publications

(23 citation statements)

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“…Japanese research (see [3,4]) described a similar defect as 'Shinkansen shelling' or 'black spot', which does not refer explicitly to the twofold character the British term alludes to. They describe as characteristic for this running surface defect the presence of cracks at 3-6 mm under the surface, giving rise to surface shelling and transverse cracking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

On the mechanism of squat formation on train rails – Part I: Origination

Steenbergen

Dollevoet²

2013

International Journal of Fatigue

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

On the mechanism of squat formation on train rails – Part I: Origination

Steenbergen

Dollevoet²

2013

International Journal of Fatigue

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“…The defects studied here are certainly not squats, insofar as the term was introduced and used by Clayton, Allery and others [1,2]. However, the defects share superficial characteristics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1,2]. Squats are particularly dangerous defects because if they are allowed to remain in track, the commonly develop into rail breaks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studs: a squat-type defect in rails

Grassie

Fletcher

Hernández

et al. 2011

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F:

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In the mid-2000s, a new rail defect that was initially classified as a squat became increasingly common on London Underground's track. By 2006, there were about 600 of these and they had become the Underground's single most common rail defect. This defect occurred almost exclusively on lines carrying relatively new rolling stock. The work reported here was undertaken initially to characterize this defect, advise as to whether it was indeed a squat, and propose a hypothesis that explained its mechanism of formation. This paper includes observations and track measurements made in the field and initial results of a metallurgical analysis. The hypothesis for formation of the defects is presented, and both similarities and differences are discussed between these defects and the classical 'squat'. The defect on London Underground appears to be the same as that described by Marich and his colleagues in Australia and by Li and his colleagues in the Netherlands. It is evidently not a conventional rolling contact fatigue defect. In order to avoid confusion arising from simple misuse of an established term, it is proposed that these defects be given a different name, for which 'stud' is proposed. Evidence to date is that the 'stud' is a significantly more benign defect than the 'squat'.

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“…To get an idea of the time or operation history of a subsurface induced crack (shelling) up to its development into a transverse crack (stage c) the reader is referred to Figure 47 [67]. Note that the numbers in the figure are obtained for a special application and should not be generalised beyond this.…”

Section: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Formation and development of a surface crack from an internal horizontal defect (shelling) as a function of service time and passed tonnage at a Japanese Shinkansen rail (schematic, according to [67]). …”

Section: Figure 47mentioning

confidence: 99%

Introduction to the damage tolerance behaviour of railway rails – a review

Zerbst¹,

Lundén

Edel

et al. 2009

Engineering Fracture Mechanics

174

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Despite substantial advantages in material development and in periodic non-destructive inspection together with periodic grinding and other measures in order to guarantee safe service, fatigue crack propagation and fracture is still in great demand as emphasised by the present special issue. Rails, as the heart of the railway system, are subjected to very high service loads and harsh environmental conditions. Since any potential rail breakage includes the risk of catastrophic derailment of vehicles, it is of paramount interest to avoid such a scenario. The aim of the present paper is to introduce the most important questions regarding crack propagation and fracture of rails. These include the loading conditions: contact forces from the wheel and thermal stresses due to restrained elongation of continuously welded rails together with residual stresses from manufacturing and welding in the field, which is discussed in Section 2. Section 3 provides an overview of crack-type rail defects and potential failure scenarios. Finally the stages of crack propagation from initiation up to final breakage are discussed.

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Cause, increase, diagnosis, countermeasures and elimination of Shinkansen shelling

Cited by 50 publications

References 0 publications

On the mechanism of squat formation on train rails – Part I: Origination

On the mechanism of squat formation on train rails – Part I: Origination

Studs: a squat-type defect in rails

Introduction to the damage tolerance behaviour of railway rails – a review

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