Cause-effect relationship between vocal fold physiology and voice production in a three-dimensional phonation model

Zhang, Zhaoyan

doi:10.1121/1.4944754

Cited by 122 publications

(135 citation statements)

References 48 publications

(88 reference statements)

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“…Variation of vertical thickness has important effects on the closure pattern of vocal fold vibration and the produced acoustics. 22 The vertical thickness has also been reported to affect onset threshold pressure. Chan et al reported optimal phonation threshold pressures with a thicker glottal configuration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Evaluation of the In Vivo Vocal Fold Medial Surface Shape

2017

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Summary Objectives/Hypothesis Glottal insufficiency is a common clinical problem in otolaryngology and medialization laryngoplasty (ML) procedures remain the primary treatment modality. Although the goal of ML is to restore physiologic glottal posture and achieve optimal phonation, this posture has not been directly measured. In this study, we assessed glottal medial surface contour changes with selective activation of the intrinsic laryngeal muscles (ILMs). Study Design Basic science study using an in vivo canine hemilarynx model. Methods In an in vivo canine hemilarynx, India ink was used to mark fleshpoints in a grid-like fashion along the medial surface of the vocal fold and ILMs were activated in a graded manner. A right-angled prism provided two views of the medial surface, which were recorded using a high-speed camera and used to reconstruct the 3D posture deformations of the medial surface. Results Thyroarytenoid (TA) muscle activation results in initial inferomedial bulging and increased glottal channel thickness and then glottal adduction with a final rectangular glottal channel shape. Lateral cricoarytenoid (LCA) activation closes the posterior glottis but final posture remains slightly convergent. Together, TA + LCA forms a rectangular glottis with an increased glottal vertical thickness. Posterior cricoarytenoid activation results in abduction and a slightly divergent glottis, whereas cricothyroid activation elongates the glottis and reduces the glottal channel vertical thickness. Conclusions A quantitative analysis of in vivo canine vocal fold medial surface upon activation of selective ILMs is provided. This may guide our therapeutic efforts during medialization laryngoplasty, as well as computational modeling of laryngeal physiology.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Evaluation of the In Vivo Vocal Fold Medial Surface Shape

2017

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“…The effect of this cross-axis coupling on F0 control can be estimated by examining the effect of vocal fold elongation on vocal fold eigenfrequencies, which are important determinants of F0 (Zhang, 2016b). Using the data obtained for L2 and a vocal fold geometry similar to that used in Zhang (2016a), an eigenvalue analysis showed that a vocal fold elongation of 30%, which increased AP stiffness from 1.5 to 20 kPa and the transverse stiffness from 1.5 to 4.5 kPa, would increase the first in vacuo eigenfrequency of the vocal fold from 31 to 69 Hz, which is an extra 46% increase compared to an increase from 31 to 57 Hz if the accompanying increase in the transverse stiffness was not accounted for.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biaxial mechanical properties of human vocal fold cover under vocal fold elongation

Zhang

Samajder

Long

2017

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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Mechanical properties of the human vocal fold cover layer were experimentally investigated in uniaxial and biaxial tensile tests. The results showed a coupling effect between the stress conditions along the anterior-posterior and transverse directions, with vocal fold elongation increasing vocal fold stiffness along both directions, thus allowing more efficient control of the fundamental frequency of voice through vocal fold elongation. This study also shows that vocal folds were nearly isotropic at resting conditions, thus a tendency to vibrate with incomplete glottal closure, but became increasingly anisotropic with increasing vocal fold elongation. IntroductionThe mechanical conditions within the human vocal folds play an important role in determining the fundamental frequency of vocal fold vibration and the resulting voice quality. As the vocal folds are postured for the production of different voice types, the mechanical conditions are also expected to vary (Hirano, 1974). A better understanding of the mechanical conditions of the vocal folds across different voice types would facilitate the development of biomaterials for vocal fold injection or tissue engineered vocal fold replacement with similar material properties. Computationally, a more quantitative characterization of the vocal fold mechanical properties would provide data for developing material constitutive models, linear or nonlinear, for use in computational models of phonation.There have been many previous reports experimentally characterizing vocal fold mechanical properties (e.g., Hirano and Kakita, 1985;Alipour-Haghighi and Titze, 1991;Haji et al., 1992;Chan and Titze, 1999;Alipour and Vigmostad, 2012;Kelleher et al., 2013;Kazemirad et al., 2014). While these studies have provided valuable contribution to our understanding of the vocal fold mechanical properties, most of these studies were performed in a uniaxial tensile test, different from the physiological conditions in which vocal folds are subject to tensions or constraints along multiple directions. Although elongating the vocal folds along the anterior-posterior (AP) direction increases vocal fold stiffness and tension along this direction, which is considered the primary means of regulating the fundamental frequency (F0) of voice (Titze, 1994;Zhang, 2016b), little is known about how vocal fold elongation affects the mechanical conditions in the transverse plane (the plane perpendicular to the AP direction), which may also contribute to F0 control. Previous studies have shown a cross-axis coupling effect such that AP elongation may also stiffen the vocal folds in the transverse plane (e.g., Yin and Zhang, 2013). With this extra vocal fold stiffening in the transverse plane, vocal fold elongation would be more effective in regulating the overall vocal fold stiffness and F0 of vocal fold vibration, compared to F0 control through varying the stiffness and tension along the AP direction alone. This cross-axis coupling effect of vocal fold elongation cannot be investigated in a ...

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“…Optimizing the medial surface shape has been shown to lower phonation threshold pressures and improve vocal efficiency . Glottal channel shape, as achieved through differential activation of the ILMs, determines voice quality and permits vocal register and pitch control . Herbst et al demonstrated four unique voice qualities resulting from four distinct glottal configurations as assessed by videostroboscopy, videokymography, and electroglottography .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three‐dimensional posture changes of the vocal fold from paired intrinsic laryngeal muscles

2016

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Objective Although the geometry of the vocal fold medial surface affects voice quality and is critical in the treatment of glottic insufficiency, the pre-phonatory shape of the vocal fold medial surface is not well understood. In this study, we activated intrinsic laryngeal muscles (ILMs) individually and in combinations, and recorded the temporal sequence and precise three-dimensional configurational changes of the vocal fold medial surface. Study Design In vivo canine hemilarynx model. Methods A hemilaryngectomy was performed in an in vivo canine and ink was used to mark the medial surface of the in situ vocal fold in a grid-like fashion. The thyroarytenoid (TA), lateral cricoarytenoid (LCA), cricothyroid (CT), and posterior cricoarytenoid (PCA) muscles were stimulated individually and in combinations. A right angle prism whose hypotenuse formed the glottal midline provided two distinct views of the medial surface for a high-speed digital camera. Image-processing package DaVis (LaVision Inc.) allowed time series cross-correlation analysis for 3-dimensional deformation calculations of the vocal fold medial surface. Results Combined TA and LCA activation yields an evenly adducted rectangular glottal surface. Addition of thyroarytenoid to cricoarytenoid adducts the vocal fold from inferior to superior in a graded fashion allowing formation of a divergent glottis. Posterior cricoarytenoid has a bimodal relationship with thyroarytenoid favoring abduction. Cricothyroid and lateral cricoarytenoid yield unique glottal postures necessary but likely not sufficient for phonation. Conclusions Understanding the three-dimensional geometry of the vocal fold medial surface will help us better understand the cause-effect relationship between laryngeal physiology and phonation.

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Cause-effect relationship between vocal fold physiology and voice production in a three-dimensional phonation model

Cited by 122 publications

References 48 publications

Quantitative Evaluation of the In Vivo Vocal Fold Medial Surface Shape

Quantitative Evaluation of the In Vivo Vocal Fold Medial Surface Shape

Biaxial mechanical properties of human vocal fold cover under vocal fold elongation

Three‐dimensional posture changes of the vocal fold from paired intrinsic laryngeal muscles

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