Cause and Natural History of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis

Miller, Nancy H.

doi:10.1016/s0030-5898(05)70091-2

Cited by 146 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…The most frequent, and least severe, type is adolescent idiopathic scoliosis that accounts for 85% of cases of scoliosis. It affects about 2.5% of the modern population, of whom up to 10% need active treatment (Kane, 1977;Miller, 1999).…”

Section: Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting scoliosis in the KNM-WT 15000 Homo erectus skeleton

Schiess¹,

Boeni²,

Rühli³

et al. 2014

Journal of Human Evolution

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Owing to its completeness, the 1.5 million year old Nariokotome boy skeleton KNM-WT 15000 is central for understanding skeletal biology of Homo erectus. Nevertheless, since Latimer and Ohman (2001, Axial dysplasia in Homo erectus. J Hum Evol 40:A12) reported on asymmetries and distortions of Nariokotome boy's axial skeleton suggesting adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, possibly associated with congenital skeletal dysplasia, it is questionable whether it still can be used as reference for Homo erectus. Recently, however, the presence of skeletal dysplasia has been refuted. Here, we present a morphologic and morphometric reanalysis of the assertion of idiopathic scoliosis. We demonstrate that unarticulated vertebral columns of non-scoliotic and scoliotic individuals can be distinguished based on the lateral deviation of the spinous process, lateral and sagittal wedging, vertebral body torsion, pedicle thickness asymmetry and asymmetry of the superior and inferior articular facet area. A principal component analysis of the overall asymmetry of all seven vertebral shape variables groups KNM-WT 15000 within non-scoliotic modern humans. An anomaly of vertebrae T1-T2 is compatible with a short left convex curve at the uppermost thoracic region, possibly due to injury or local growth dysbalance. Asymmetries of the facet joints L3-L5 suggest a local right convex curve in the lower lumbar region that probably resulted from juvenile traumatic disc herniation. This pattern is incompatible with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis or other types of scoliosis, including congenital, neuromuscular or syndromic scoliosis. It is, however, consistent with a recent reanalysis of the rib cage that did not reveal any asymmetry. Except for these possibly trauma-related anomalies, the Nariokotome boy fossil therefore seems to belong to a normal Homo erectus youth without evidence for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis or other severe pathologies of the axial skeleton. AbstractOwing to its completeness, the 1.5 million year old Nariokotome boy skeleton KNM-WT 15000 is central for understanding skeletal biology of Homo erectus. Nevertheless, since Latimer and Ohman (2001, Axial dysplasia in Homo erectus. J Hum Evol 40:A12) reported on asymmetries and distortions of Nariokotome boy's axial skeleton suggesting adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, possibly associated with congenital skeletal dysplasia, it is questionable whether it still can be used as reference for Homo erectus. Recently, however, the presence of skeletal dysplasia has been refuted. Here, we present a morphologic and morphometric reanalysis of the assertion of idiopathic scoliosis. We demonstrate that unarticulated vertebral columns of non-scoliotic and scoliotic individuals can be distinguished based on the lateral deviation of the spinous process, lateral and sagittal wedging, vertebral body torsion, pedicle thickness asymmetry and asymmetry of the superior and inferior articular facet area. A principal component analysis of the overall asymmetry of all seven vertebral shap...

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Section: Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting scoliosis in the KNM-WT 15000 Homo erectus skeleton

Schiess¹,

Boeni²,

Rühli³

et al. 2014

Journal of Human Evolution

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“…proprioceptive systems, biomechanical factors, uncoupled neuro-osseous growth and dissociation between the timing of skeletal and CNS maturation [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. There is considerable difficulty in distinguishing the primary underlying pathogenetic factor(s) that cause deformity from the secondary changes that arise secondary to the deformity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective estrogen receptor modulation prevents scoliotic curve progression: radiologic and histomorphometric study on a bipedal C57Bl6 mice model

et al. 2013

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Purpose Previous work has suggested that progression of experimental scoliotic curves in pinealectomized chicken and bipedal C57BL6 mice models may be prevented and reversed with Tamoxifen treatment. Raloxifene is another Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator (SERM) with estrogen agonist effects on bone and increases bone density but with fewer side effects on humans. To investigate whether scoliosis progression in bipedal C57Bl6 mice model could be prevented with SERM treatment and the mechanisms associated with this effect. Methods Eighty C57BL6 mice were rendered bipedal and divided into Tamoxifen (TMX), Raloxifene (RLX) and control groups. TMX and RLX groups received orally administered TMX and RLX for 40 weeks. Anteroposterior X-ray imaging and histomorphometric analysis (at 20th and 40th weeks) were performed. Results At 20th week, TMX and RLX groups displayed higher rates (p = 0.033, p = 0.029) and larger curve magnitudes (p = 0.018). At 40th week, curve rates were similar between the groups but the curve magnitudes in TMX and RLX groups were smaller (p = 0.001). Histomorphometry revealed that treated animals had higher trabecular density (p = 0.04), lower total intervertebral disc (p = 0.038) and growth plate volumes (p = 0.005) and smaller vertebral bodies (p = 0.016). Conclusions Treatment with TMX or RLX did not reduce the incidence of scoliosis but decreased the curve magnitudes at 40 weeks. The underlying mechanism associated with the decrease in curve magnitudes may be the early maturation of growth plates, thereby possible deceleration of the growth rate of the vertebral column and increase in bone density. RLX is as effective as TMX in preventing the progression of scoliotic curves in melatonin deficient bipedal mice.

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“…A escoliose é definida como uma curvatura lateral da coluna vertebral de 10º ou mais graus, geralmente associada à rotação vertebral [1][2][3][4][5][6] , podendo ser de origem neuromuscular, idiopática, congênita ou relacionada a síndromes 1,3,4,6 . Normalmente os achados clínicos da doença são a presença de triângulo de talhe, assimetria dos ombros, bacia e mamas, deformidade no tronco 2,3,[7][8][9] , discrepância de membros 1 Estima-se que no estado do Espírito Santo haja em torno de seis mil capixabas com a doença, porém, devido às dificuldades encontradas no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) para acesso ao diagnóstico e principalmente ao tratamento cirúrgico, muitos destes pacientes não são tratados adequadamente, levando a estigmas nesta população.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…Normalmente os achados clínicos da doença são a presença de triângulo de talhe, assimetria dos ombros, bacia e mamas, deformidade no tronco 2,3,[7][8][9] , discrepância de membros 1 Estima-se que no estado do Espírito Santo haja em torno de seis mil capixabas com a doença, porém, devido às dificuldades encontradas no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) para acesso ao diagnóstico e principalmente ao tratamento cirúrgico, muitos destes pacientes não são tratados adequadamente, levando a estigmas nesta população.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Estudo descritivo sobre o primeiro mutirão no Brasil de cirurgias eletivas para tratamento de escoliose

et al. 2012

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RESUMOObjetivo: Descrever os resultados estatísticos do primeiro mutirão de cirurgias eletivas realizado no Brasil, não somente com o intuito de divulgar a iniciativa, mas, sobretudo, para que o conhecimento dessas ações possa incentivar outros estados e também outros mutirões no Espírito Santo. Método: Estudo descritivo observacional transversal, em que foram avaliados pessoas oriundas da Grande Vitória e do interior do estado do Espírito Santo com deformidades ou sintomas álgicos na região dorsal de origem osteomuscular, classificando-as de acordo com a idade, sexo e patologia, e quando diagnosticado escoliose, se possível classifica-la segundo King, Lenke, Winter et al. e Lounstein e Akbarnia, indicando-se tratamento. Resultados: Foram avaliados 169 pacientes, sendo 48 homens e 121 mulheres, com média de idade de 39,7 anos e 41,1 anos, respectivamente. Foi encontrado 25,4% de pacientes com doenças ortopédicas em geral, 36,1% de doenças específicas da coluna vertebral exceto escoliose e 38,5% de escoliose. Dos pacientes com escoliose, 81,5% eram idiopática do adolescente, com maioria classificada por King como tipo II e por Lenke como tipo I. Dentre outras etiologias da escoliose, a congênita mais comum foi a hemivertebra associada a barra contralateral quando classificado por Winter et al. e das neuromusculares o tipo 2B da classificação de Louenstein e Akbarnia. Conclusão: Nossos dados epidemiológicos corroboram com a literatura atual. Conseguimos alcançar um numero satisfatório de pacientes com doenças da coluna vertebral, determinar um tratamento e acompanhamento e, ainda, divulgar e orientar a população sobre tais doenças.Descritores: Escoliose/epidemiologia; Escólios/patologia; Escoliose/cirurgia; Doenças da coluna vertebral. King, Lenke, Winter et al. and Lounstein and Akbarnia, and ABSTRACT Objective: Describe the statistical results of the first campaign for elective surgeries performed in Brazil, not only in order to make the initiative public, but more importantly, so that the knowledge of these actions will encourage other States and also other collaborative efforts in Espírito Santo. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional observational study, which evaluated people from Grande Vitória and from the State of Espirito Santo with deformities or dorsal pain of musculoskeletal origin, classifying them according to age, sex and pathology, and when the diagnosis was scoliosis, if possible classified according to

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Cause and Natural History of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis

Cited by 146 publications

References 95 publications

Revisiting scoliosis in the KNM-WT 15000 Homo erectus skeleton

Revisiting scoliosis in the KNM-WT 15000 Homo erectus skeleton

Selective estrogen receptor modulation prevents scoliotic curve progression: radiologic and histomorphometric study on a bipedal C57Bl6 mice model

Estudo descritivo sobre o primeiro mutirão no Brasil de cirurgias eletivas para tratamento de escoliose

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