Causal Clarity Prevents the Emergence of Social Biases in Children’s Excusing of Mistakes

Reyes-Jaquez, Bolivar; Echols, Catharine H.

doi:10.1080/15248372.2016.1211660

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…One might expect that children’s favor toward familiar or similar agents to be especially evident when errors go unexplained and are left open to interpretation. In fact, Reyes-Jaquez and Echols (2017) recently investigated whether children’s favoring of similar agents over dissimilar ones would be influenced by the conditions under which errors were made. They found that children’s favoring of similar over dissimilar agents emerged only when errors could not be explained by the situation and so were attributable to the agents themselves.…”

Section: Reasoning About Epistemic Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Children’s Judgments of Epistemic and Moral Agents: From Situations to Intentions

Koenig

Tiberius

Hamlin

2019

Perspect Psychol Sci

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Children’s evaluations of moral and epistemic agents crucially depend on their discerning that an agent’s actions were performed intentionally. Here we argue that children’s epistemic and moral judgments reveal practices of forgiveness and blame, trust and mistrust, and objection or disapproval and that such practices are supported by children’s monitoring of the situational constraints on agents. Inherent in such practices is the understanding that agents are responsible for actions performed under certain conditions but not others. We discuss a range of situational constraints on children’s early epistemic and moral evaluations and clarify how these situational constraints serve to support children’s identification of intentional actions. By monitoring the situation, children distinguish intentional from less intentional action and selectively hold epistemic and moral agents accountable. We argue that these findings inform psychological and philosophical theorizing about attributions of moral and epistemic agency and responsibility.

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Section: Reasoning About Epistemic Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Children’s Judgments of Epistemic and Moral Agents: From Situations to Intentions

Koenig

Tiberius

Hamlin

2019

Perspect Psychol Sci

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“…There are many possible explanations of group success, such as an unusual collection of talent, effective leadership, good chemistry, or a large payroll (Brown, 1984), all of which can be viewed as the result of a fortuitous combination of situational factors. People’s attributions for group success are, therefore, likely to be not only less dispositional, but less clear or certain as well (Reyes-Jacquez & Echols, 2017; Weary, Tobin, & Edwards, 2010).…”

Section: Being In Awe Of Individuals On Streaksmentioning

confidence: 99%

The streaking star effect: Why people want superior performance by individuals to continue more than identical performance by groups.

Walker¹,

Gilovich²

2021

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

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We present evidence in 9 studies (n ϭ 2,625) for the Streaking Star Effect-people's greater desire to see runs of successful performance by individuals continue more than identical runs of success by groups. We find this bias in an obscure Italian sport (Study 1), a British trivia competition (Study 2), and a tennis competition in which the number of individual versus team competitors is held constant (Study 3). This effect appears to result from individual streaks of success inspiring more awe than group streaks-and that people enjoying being awe-inspired. In Studies 4 and 5, we found that the experience of awe inspired by an individual streak drives the effect, a result that is itself driven by the greater dispositional attributions people make for the success of individuals as opposed to groups (Study 6). We demonstrate in Studies 7a and 7b that this effect is not an artifact of identifiability. Finally, Study 8 illustrates how the Streaking Star Effect impacts people's beliefs about the appropriate market share for companies run by a successful individual versus a successful management team. We close by discussing implications of this effect for consumer behavior, and for how people react to economic inequality reflected in the success of individuals versus groups.

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Children prefer to learn from smart devices, but do not trust them more than humans

Wojcik

Prasad

Hutchinson

et al. 2022

International Journal of Child-Computer Interaction

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Causal Clarity Prevents the Emergence of Social Biases in Children’s Excusing of Mistakes

Cited by 4 publications

References 44 publications

Children’s Judgments of Epistemic and Moral Agents: From Situations to Intentions

Children’s Judgments of Epistemic and Moral Agents: From Situations to Intentions

The streaking star effect: Why people want superior performance by individuals to continue more than identical performance by groups.

Children prefer to learn from smart devices, but do not trust them more than humans

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