Returns and volume are the two major pillars of the stock market which have drawn the attention of various analyst and economist over a period of time. Various studies have been conducted that studied the relationship between these variables. The present study investigates about these two dimensions. The daily closing data of S&P CNX Nifty has been studied starting from April 2001 to March 2011 for a period of ten years. The data has been checked for its stationarity by using Augmented Dickey Fuller Test. Further to check for the causal relationship between the variables, Granger Causality Test is used. Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (ARCH) and General Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (GARCH) models are applied to capture the effect of the changes in the past on the volatility of the stock market returns. The results show that causality run one way between the variables. The return causes volume but volume does not granger cause the return. Further, the result of ARCH and GARCH model shows that changes in the past is having a positive and significant effect on the return series. The results will thus provide guidance to the investors and brokers in taking rational decision with regards to the return and volume series.
Keywords: Augmented Dickey Fuller, Granger Causality Test, ARCH, GARCH Model, S&P CNX Nifty
IntroductionThe economic development of any country can be evaluated with the help of its capital market escalation. One can judge the growth of capital market through trading volume and stock market returns because that possesses the explanatory power to provide a transparent map of the capital market. Positive correlation has been seen in stock market returns and volume of trade in previous studies. Therefore, investors, policy makers, portfolio managers, brokers, academicians and regulators are intensively focused upon understanding the reasons for the volatility in stock returns and its relationship to trading volume. Volatility in stock market index affects the stock returns and volume of trading in the stock market. In spite of headwinds faced on account of a slow global economy, India's GDP is amongst the highest in the world at 7.6% which shows that India is on right track. The GDP of any country is the index of their growth of economic development where capital market of the country plays a vital role in it. The intensification of capital market can be judged by stock market returns and trading volume as it possesses the explanatory power that provide a transparent map of the capital market. In the capital market, stock market returns and volume of trade are influenced by systematic risk. Karpoff (1987) cited few reasons for discussing price-volume relation. First, the relationship between price-volume forms the basis of technical analysis and indicates about the bullish and bearish pattern of trend in the market. Technical and fundamental analysis of the specific stock affects the volatility in the stock market. In technical indicators, investor look after the re...