Causal agent of anthracnose in the pea crop (Pisum sativumL.) in northern of Perú: Symptomatology, isolation and identification, pathogenicity and control

Abstract

Pea (Pisum sativum L.) is an economically important crop and of great demand in the national and international market, due to the considerable number of families that depend on its cultivation, especially in the northern and central highlands of Peru. However, the anthracnose is one of the limiting factors for low productive and causes economic losses. The aim of this study was to describe the symptoms, culturally and morphometrically identify the causal agent and to evaluate under in vitro the efficacy of fungicides. Isolation was made from samples of leaves and pods with anthracnose symptoms collected in the crop field. Healthy pea was used in the pathogenicity test, and discs of PDA medium containing isolated fungi were inoculated into them. The poisoned food technique was used, and colony growths were measured to evaluate the effects of fungicides. The results based on the symptoms, morphological and cultural characteristics described, the isolates were identified as Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, C. truncatum y Ascochyta pisi, which was confirmed with Koch's postulates. Trifloxystrobin+tebuconazole was found to be the most effective fungicide followed by tebuconazole, procloraz and mancozeb completely inhibited mycelial growth (100%) of identified fungi. These results are useful for the control of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, C. truncatum y Ascochyta pisi in the pea crop.

Colletotrichum Species Complexes Associated with Crops in Northern South America: A Review

“…In addition, we found a disparity in the number of studies conducted in each country and a lack of continuity in the studies. It is worth noting that the studies conducted in Colombia and Ecuador cover a wide range of years, while just one study in Venezuela [48] and one in Peru were conducted recently [51]. For each crop, few studies have been published in each country.…”

“…Of the 71 studies retrieved from the databases, 35 reported Colletotrichum species in the four countries focused upon in this review. Of these, 21 studies reported species in Colombia [18,[21][22][23][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43], five reported species in Venezuela [44][45][46][47][48], only three reported species in Peru [49][50][51], and six reported species in Ecuador [52][53][54][55][56][57].…”

“…Only one crop was found in both Venezuela and Colombia: soursop (Annona muricata). Several hosts were found in only one country: the Amazonian fruit camu camu (Myrciaria dubia) was found in Peru [50] as well as pea (Pisum sativum) [51], and lupine (Lupinus mutabilis) was found in Ecuador, while oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) [43] macadamia [60], onion [48] and strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) [44,47] were found in Venezuela, and in Colombia were found cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) [18], grape vine (Vitis vinifera) [38], gulupa fruit (Passiflora edulis) [29], heliconia (Heliconia spp.) [32], mango (Mangifera indica) [21,28], Passiflora (Passiflora spp.…”

“…Regarding leguminous plants, anthracnose has been reported to affect beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) [33,34,71], pea (Pisum sativum) [51], Stylosanthes guianensis [49,72], and lupin (Lupinus mutabilis) [53,73]. Regarding vegetables and tubers, diseases have been reported in yam (Dioscorea spp.)…”

“…The Venezuelan studies mostly performed in vitro evaluations of extracts, including tests on detached fruits [47,103] and propolis ethanolic extract [104]. The Ecuadorian article evaluated plants' resistance to anthracnose [47], and both Peruvian articles examined chemical control [50,51].…”