Cauliflower Mosaic Virus Gene VI Controls Translation from Dicistronic Expression Units in Transgenic Arabidopsis Plants.

Zijlstra, C.; Höhn, Thomas

doi:10.1105/tpc.4.12.1471

Cited by 42 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Recently, a P6-GFP fusion protein was expressed ectopically to reveal a new property for P6 as a nucleocytoplasmic shuttle protein (Haas et al, 2005). In addition, ectopically expressed P6 triggers a hypersensitive response in N. edwardsonii (Palanichelvam et al, 2000) and transgenically expressed P6 causes disease-like symptoms in Nicotiana species and Arabidopsis (Baughman et al, 1988;Goldberg et al, 1991;Zijlstra and Hohn, 1992;Geri et al, 1999;Yu et al, 2003). The results from studies involving P6 ectopic expression have mimicked results from studies with infectious chimeric CaMV isolates regarding the pathogenic properties of P6 (Daubert et al, 1984;Schoelz et al 1986;Wintermantel et al, 1993).…”

Section: P6-gfp Functionalitymentioning

confidence: 96%

“…P6 is the major pathogenicity determinant for CaMV (Daubert et al, 1984;Baughman et al, 1988;Stratford and Covey, 1989;Zijlstra and Hohn, 1992) and was recently shown to be a suppressor of RNA silencing (Love et al, 2007). In addition, P6 also functions as an avirulence determinant, as it has been shown to be responsible for eliciting a hypersensitive response in Nicotiana edwardsonii and Datura stramonium, as well as nonnecrotic resistance in Nicotiana bigelovii and Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) ectotype Tsu-O (Daubert et al, 1984;Schoelz et al, 1986;Wintermantel et al, 1993;Agama et al, 2002).…”

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confidence: 99%

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The Cauliflower Mosaic Virus Protein P6 Forms Motile Inclusions That Traffic along Actin Microfilaments and Stabilize Microtubules

et al. 2008

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The gene VI product (P6) of Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) is a multifunctional protein known to be a major component of cytoplasmic inclusion bodies formed during CaMV infection. Although these inclusions are known to contain virions and are thought to be sites of translation from the CaMV 35S polycistronic RNA intermediate, the precise role of these bodies in the CaMV infection cycle remains unclear. Here, we examine the functionality and intracellular location of a fusion between P6 and GFP (P6-GFP). We initially show that the ability of P6-GFP to transactivate translation is comparable to unmodified P6. Consequently, our work has direct application for the large body of literature in which P6 has been expressed ectopically and its functions characterized. We subsequently found that P6-GFP forms highly motile cytoplasmic inclusion bodies and revealed through fluorescence colocalization studies that these P6-GFP bodies associate with the actin/endoplasmic reticulum network as well as microtubules. We demonstrate that while P6-GFP inclusions traffic along microfilaments, those associated with microtubules appear stationary. Additionally, inhibitor studies reveal that the intracellular movement of P6-GFP inclusions is sensitive to the actin inhibitor, latrunculin B, which also inhibits the formation of local lesions by CaMV in Nicotiana edwardsonii leaves. The motility of P6 along microfilaments represents an entirely new property for this protein, and these results imply a role for P6 in intracellular and cell-to-cell movement of CaMV.

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Section: P6-gfp Functionalitymentioning

confidence: 96%

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confidence: 99%

The Cauliflower Mosaic Virus Protein P6 Forms Motile Inclusions That Traffic along Actin Microfilaments and Stabilize Microtubules

et al. 2008

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“…Only one of the promoters, GLABRA2 ( GL2 ), is native to Arabidopsis (Szymanski et al, 1998). The patterns of expression driven by two of the other promoters, Cauliflower mosaic virus 35S ( CaMV35S ) and 4-coumarate-CoA ligase1 ( 4CL1 from parsley), also have been documented in Arabidopsis (Zijlstra and Hohn, 1992;Lee et al, 1995), although a complete description of the latter in the stem has not been reported. The rolD promoter fragment (from Agrobacterium rhizogenes ) has been used to drive the reporter genes in Arabidopsis (Zhang and Forde, 1998).…”

Section: Pattern Of Expression Driven By the Promotersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Auxin Acts in Xylem-Associated or Medullary Cells to Mediate Apical Dominance

2003

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A role for auxin in the regulation of shoot branching was described originally in the Thimann and Skoog model, which proposes that apically derived auxin is transported basipetally directly into the axillary buds, where it inhibits their growth. Subsequent observations in several species have shown that auxin does not enter axillary buds directly. We have found similar results in Arabidopsis. Grafting studies indicated that auxin acts in the aerial tissue; hence, the principal site of auxin action is the shoot. To delineate the site of auxin action, the wild-type AXR1 coding sequence, which is required for normal auxin sensitivity, was expressed under the control of several tissue-specific promoters in the auxin-resistant, highly branched axr1-12 mutant background. AXR1 expression in the xylem and interfascicular schlerenchyma was found to restore the mutant branching to wild-type levels in both intact plants and isolated nodes, whereas expression in the phloem did not. Therefore, apically derived auxin can suppress branching by acting in the xylem and interfascicular schlerenchyma, or in a subset of these cells.

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“…The implication is that there may be a fundamental difference between translation of a polycistronic mRNA from a transgenic source and the translation of the polycistronic 35S RNA in the context of a CaMV infection. Indeed, there is little evidence for the effectiveness of the CaMV P6 protein as a TAV on polycistronic transgenes beyond its action on a single dicistronic transgene (Zijlstra and Hohn, 1992). If the CaMV RT is not produced from a polycistronic mRNA Figure 6.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The CaMV P6 product is expressed as a monocistronic mRNA from the 19S RNA promoter, and several studies have shown that expression of P6 in transgenic Arabidopsis plants elicits viruslike symptoms (Zijlstra and Hohn, 1992;Cecchini et al, 1997;Yu et al, 2003). It is possible that the expression of P6 might trigger the plant genome instability and the excision of the infectious CaMV DNA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Excision and Episomal Replication of Cauliflower mosaic virus Integrated into a Plant Genome

et al. 2011

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Transgenic Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants containing a monomeric copy of the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) genome exhibited the generation of infectious, episomally replicating virus. The circular viral genome had been split within the nonessential gene II for integration into the Arabidopsis genome by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. Transgenic plants were assessed for episomal infections at flowering, seed set, and/or senescence. The infections were confirmed by western blot for the CaMV P6 and P4 proteins, electron microscopy for the presence of icosahedral virions, and through polymerase chain reaction across the recombination junction. By the end of the test period, a majority of the transgenic Arabidopsis plants had developed episomal infections. The episomal form of the virus was infectious to nontransgenic plants, indicating that no essential functions were lost after release from the Arabidopsis chromosome. An analysis of the viral genomes recovered from either transgenic Arabidopsis or nontransgenic turnip (Brassica rapa var rapa) revealed that the viruses contained deletions within gene II, and in some cases, the deletions extended to the beginning of gene III. In addition, many of the progeny viruses contained small regions of nonviral sequence derived from the flanking transformation vector. The nature of the nucleotide sequences at the recombination junctions in the circular progeny virus indicated that most were generated by nonhomologous recombination during the excision event. The release of the CaMV viral genomes from an integrated copy was not dependent upon the application of environmental stresses but occurred with greater frequency with either age or the late stages of plant maturation.

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Cauliflower Mosaic Virus Gene VI Controls Translation from Dicistronic Expression Units in Transgenic Arabidopsis Plants.

Cited by 42 publications

References 45 publications

The Cauliflower Mosaic Virus Protein P6 Forms Motile Inclusions That Traffic along Actin Microfilaments and Stabilize Microtubules

The Cauliflower Mosaic Virus Protein P6 Forms Motile Inclusions That Traffic along Actin Microfilaments and Stabilize Microtubules

Auxin Acts in Xylem-Associated or Medullary Cells to Mediate Apical Dominance

Excision and Episomal Replication of Cauliflower mosaic virus Integrated into a Plant Genome

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