Caulerpa racemosa extract inhibits HeLa cancer cells migration by altering expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition proteins

Abstract

Introduction: Cervical cancer is caused by persistent infections of human papillomavirus types 16 and 18. Also, it is classified as a malignancy since it is able to spread itself to other sites and form a metastasis. Lymph nodes metastasis is an important factor related to cervical cancer survival. The previous study reported that Caulerpa racemosa has an anti-cancer effect by inducing apoptosis by inhibiting p53 protein degradation in HeLa cancer cells. In this study, we conducted a follow-up test to determine the anticancer effect of Caulerpa racemosa as an antimetastatic agent on HeLa cancer cells.Methods: A true experimental study with a post-test-controlled group design was carried out on four groups of HeLa cell cultures by presenting different concentrations of Caulerpa racemosa extract. Moreover, to identify the antimetastatic effect, HeLa cells treated with Caulerpa racemosa extract were subjected to the woud healing scratch test and immunofluorescence staining assays. Data analysis was gained with qualitative and quantitative approaches. Quantitative methods such as One-way analysis of variance, Tukey’s multiple comparison test, and Pearson’s correlation were conducted.Result: We found that Caulerpa racemosa significantly inhibit HeLa cells wound healing migration. We also demonstrated the effect of Caulerpa racemosa in downregulating Snail and Vimentin protein expression and upregulating E-Cadherin protein expression.Conclusion:Caulerpa racemosa extract inhibits HeLa cancer cells migration by altering important regulator proteins expressions of epithelial-mesenchymal transition pathways.

Green Seaweed Caulerpa racemosa as a Novel Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Inhibitor in Overcoming Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Resistance: An Analysis Employing Network Pharmacology, Molecular Docking, and In Vitro Research

“…Research has demonstrated that the extract of C. racemosa , the green caviar, can inhibit the migration of HeLa cancer cells by altering the expression of proteins involved in epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) [ 3 ]. Additionally, this extract has been shown to induce apoptosis in cancer cells by inhibiting the degradation of the p53 protein, a critical regulator of cell growth and apoptosis [ 3 ]. C. racemosa is rich in bioactive pigments such as chlorophyll and carotenoids, which are known for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-obesity properties [ 5 ].…”

“…Research has demonstrated that the extract of C. racemosa, the green caviar, can inhibit the migration of HeLa cancer cells by altering the expression of proteins involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) [3]. Additionally, this extract has been shown to…”

“…In vitro analysis of SRC, STAT3, PIK3CA, MAPK, EGFR, and JAK1 expressions was carried out in accordance with the manufacturer’s protocols for the following: Elabscience ® Recombinant Human SRC/Proto-oncogene c-Src Protein (His Tag); Elabscience ® STAT3 Monoclonal Antibody; Elabscience ® PIK3CA Polyclonal Antibody; Elabscience ® MAPK kit; Elabscience ® Human EGFR (Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor) ELISA Kit; and the Elabscience ® Human JAK1 (Janus Kinase 1) ELISA Kit [ 3 ]. In order to identify SRC, STAT3, PIK3CA, MAPK, EGFR, and JAK1, the polyvinylidene difluoride membrane was exposed to a blocking solution containing 5% skimmed dry milk in a buffer composed of Tris with Tween (T-TBS) saline buffer.…”

“…This algae’s diverse bioactive components have shown considerable anti-cancer effects, attracting intense interest from the scientific community. C. racemosa has been demonstrated to impede cancer cell migration by affecting key proteins in epithelial–mesenchymal transition pathways, a crucial element in cancer metastasis [ 3 ]. Additionally, it is renowned for synthesizing caulerpenyne, a compound noted for its antineoplastic and antibacterial activities [ 4 ].…”

“…Despite Indonesia's rich marine biodiversity and vast array of seaweed species, only a select few are harnessed for industrial use [2]. C. racemosa is rich in bioactive compounds such as caulerpin, caulersin, caulerchlorin, and racemosins A-C, which confer anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, antibacterial, and antidiabetic properties [3]. This algae's diverse bioactive components have shown considerable anti-cancer effects, attracting intense interest from the scientific community.…”