Caught in the act: Rapid, symbiont‐driven evolution

White, Jennifer A.

doi:10.1002/bies.201100095

Cited by 26 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 97 publications

(70 reference statements)

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“…Remarkably, we were not able to find any evidence for the presence of Wolbachia or Cardinium in both populations of the DB‐lineage. These are the only two bacteria for which CI has been described (White, ). Obviously, the DB‐lineage is carrying an hitherto unknown, CI‐inducing bacterium.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reproductive isolation due to prezygotic isolation and postzygotic cytoplasmic incompatibility in parasitoid wasps

König

Zundel²,

Krimmer

et al. 2019

Ecology and Evolution

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The reproductive barriers that prevent gene flow between closely related species are a major topic in evolutionary research. Insect clades with parasitoid lifestyle are among the most species‐rich insects and new species are constantly described, indicating that speciation occurs frequently in this group. However, there are only very few studies on speciation in parasitoids. We studied reproductive barriers in two lineages of Lariophagus distinguendus (Chalcidoidea: Hymenoptera), a parasitoid wasp of pest beetle larvae that occur in human environments. One of the two lineages occurs in households preferably attacking larvae of the drugstore beetle Stegobium paniceum (“DB‐lineage”), the other in grain stores with larvae of the granary weevil Sitophilus granarius as main host (“GW‐lineage”). Between two populations of the DB‐lineage, we identified slight sexual isolation as intraspecific barrier. Between populations from both lineages, we found almost complete sexual isolation caused by female mate choice, and postzygotic isolation, which is partially caused by cytoplasmic incompatibility induced by so far undescribed endosymbionts which are not Wolbachia or Cardinium. Because separation between the two lineages is almost complete, they should be considered as separate species according to the biological species concept. This demonstrates that cryptic species within parasitoid Hymenoptera also occur in Central Europe in close contact to humans.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, CI increases the frequency of the inducing endosymbionts in the host population, by supporting infected females at the expense of noninfected females (Werren, 1997;Werren, Baldo, & Clark, 2008). So far, only two bacteria, Wolbachia and Cardinium, have been described to induce CI (White, 2011).…”

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confidence: 99%

Reproductive isolation due to prezygotic isolation and postzygotic cytoplasmic incompatibility in parasitoid wasps

König

Zundel²,

Krimmer

et al. 2019

Ecology and Evolution

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“…In this three event hypothesis, the bacteria that started the obligate associations with the ancestors of each of the three insect lineages would come from a facultative endosymbiont clade able to infect different Hemiptera (or arthropod) lineages, as it has been reported for Wolbachia , Hamiltonella , Rickettsia , Cardinium , etc. (White 2011). This reasoning leads us to consider the two infection events hypothesis as the more plausible (fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small but Powerful, the Primary Endosymbiont of Moss Bugs, Candidatus Evansia muelleri, Holds a Reduced Genome with Large Biosynthetic Capabilities

Santos-García

Latorre

Moya

et al. 2014

Genome Biology and Evolution

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Moss bugs (Coleorrhyncha: Peloridiidae) are members of the order Hemiptera, and like many hemipterans, they have symbiotic associations with intracellular bacteria to fulfill nutritional requirements resulting from their unbalanced diet. The primary endosymbiont of the moss bugs, Candidatus Evansia muelleri, is phylogenetically related to Candidatus Carsonella ruddii and Candidatus Portiera aleyrodidarum, primary endosymbionts of psyllids and whiteflies, respectively. In this work, we report the genome of Candidatus Evansia muelleri Xc1 from Xenophyes cascus, which is the only obligate endosymbiont present in the association. This endosymbiont possesses an extremely reduced genome similar to Carsonella and Portiera. It has crossed the borderline to be considered as an autonomous cell, requiring the support of the insect host for some housekeeping cell functions. Interestingly, in spite of its small genome size, Evansia maintains enriched amino acid (complete or partial pathways for ten essential and six nonessential amino acids) and sulfur metabolisms, probably related to the poor diet of the insect, based on bryophytes, which contains very low levels of nitrogenous and sulfur compounds. Several facts, including the congruence of host (moss bugs, whiteflies, and psyllids) and endosymbiont phylogenies and the retention of the same ribosomal RNA operon during genome reduction in Evansia, Portiera, and Carsonella, suggest the existence of an ancient endosymbiotic Halomonadaceae clade associated with Hemiptera. Three possible scenarios for the origin of these three primary endosymbiont genera are proposed and discussed.

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“…This therefore illustrates further that costs and benefits of harboring facultative symbionts can be strongly dependent on the environment and that complex and potentially quite specific interactions can affect the value of a symbiont to an insect host. As facultative symbionts may drive rapid adaptation in host populations due to their protective effects [52], understanding more about how robust symbiont-mediated protection is under different temperature conditions is also vital to understanding how insect populations may be affected by changes in climate in future.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat Stress Affects Facultative Symbiont-Mediated Protection from a Parasitoid Wasp

Heyworth

Ferrari

2016

PLoS ONE

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Many insects carry facultative bacterial symbionts, which provide benefits including resistance to natural enemies and abiotic stresses. Little is known about how these beneficial phenotypes are affected when biotic or abiotic threats occur simultaneously. The pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum) can host several well-characterized symbiont species. The symbiont known as X-type can protect against both parasitoid wasps and heat stress. Here, we used three pea aphid genotypes that were naturally infected with X-type and the symbiont Spiroplasma sp. We compared aphids coinfected with these two symbionts with those cured from X-type and infected with only Spiroplasma to investigate the ability of X-type to confer benefits to the host when two threats are experienced simultaneously. Our aim is to explore how robust symbiont protection may be outside a benign laboratory environment. Aphids were subjected to heat shock either before or after attack by parasitoid wasps. Under a benign temperature regime, the aphids carrying X-type tended to be better protected from the parasitoid than those cured. When the aphids experienced a heat shock before being parasitized aphids carrying X-type were more susceptible than those cured. Regardless of infection with the symbiont, the aphids benefitted from being heat shocked after parasitization. The results demonstrate how resistance to parasitoid wasps can be strongly environment-dependent and that a beneficial phenotype conferred by a symbiont under controlled conditions in the laboratory does not necessarily equate to a consistently useful effect in natural populations.

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Caught in the act: Rapid, symbiont‐driven evolution

Cited by 26 publications

References 97 publications

Reproductive isolation due to prezygotic isolation and postzygotic cytoplasmic incompatibility in parasitoid wasps

Reproductive isolation due to prezygotic isolation and postzygotic cytoplasmic incompatibility in parasitoid wasps

Small but Powerful, the Primary Endosymbiont of Moss Bugs, Candidatus Evansia muelleri, Holds a Reduced Genome with Large Biosynthetic Capabilities

Heat Stress Affects Facultative Symbiont-Mediated Protection from a Parasitoid Wasp

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