Caudate nucleus as a component of networks controlling behavior

Graff‐Radford, Jonathan; Williams, Lindsy N.; Jones, David T.; Benarroch, Eduardo E.

doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000004680

Cited by 68 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The striatum of the basal ganglia which contains the caudate nucleus receives signals from the cerebral cortex, thalamus, and the brain stem, including the medulla [ 50 ]. Defects in the caudate nucleus have been linked to motor, emotional, and cognitive impairment [ 51 , 52 , 53 ]. The long-term effect of ZIKV on brain function following persistence in the caudate nucleus and the medulla needs further studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary Studies on Immune Response and Viral Pathogenesis of Zika Virus in Rhesus Macaques

et al. 2018

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Zika Virus (ZIKV) is primarily transmitted through mosquito bites. It can also be transmitted during sexual intercourse and in utero from mother to fetus. To gain preliminary insight into ZIKV pathology and immune responses on route of transmission, rhesus macaques (RMs) were inoculated with ZIKV (PRVABC59) via intravaginal (IVAG) (n = 3) or subcutaneous (sub Q) (n = 2) routes. Systemic ZIKV infection was observed in all RMs, regardless of the route of inoculation. After 9 days postinfection (dpi), ZIKV was not detected in the plasma of IVAG- and sub-Q-inoculated RMs. Importantly, RMs harbored ZIKV up to 60 dpi in various anatomical locations. Of note, ZIKV was also present in several regions of the brain, including the caudate nucleus, parietal lobe, cortex, and amygdala. These observations appear to indicate that ZIKV infection may be systemic and persistent regardless of route of inoculation. In addition, we observed changes in key immune cell populations in response to ZIKV infection. Importantly, IVAG ZIKV infection of RMs is associated with increased depletion of CD11C hi myeloid cells, reduced PD-1 expression in NK cells, and elevated frequencies of Ki67+ CD8+ central memory cells as compared to sub Q ZIKV-infected RMs. These results need to interpreted with caution due to the small number of animals utilized in this study. Future studies involving large groups of animals that have been inoculated through both routes of transmission are needed to confirm our findings.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary Studies on Immune Response and Viral Pathogenesis of Zika Virus in Rhesus Macaques

et al. 2018

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“…This characterisation applies with equal force to both subcortical and cortical areas. As a general consequence, degeneration or damage of the basal ganglia or cerebellum (or indeed the thalamus) may produce the same spectrum of cognitive and motor syndromes as those associated with disorders that affect different parts of the cerebral cortex (Graff-Radford et al, 2017). The key point in this regard is that, even in circumstances in which brain damage/degeneration is restricted to territory within subcortical divisions demarcated "motor" or "cognitive", the extensive and distributed nature of the related neural networks dictate that the consequential impairments of behaviour will rarely respect this distinction.…”

Section: Focus On the Basal Gangliamentioning

confidence: 99%

Get a grip: individual variations in grip strength are a marker of brain health

Carson

2018

Neurobiology of Aging

142

111

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Demonstrations that grip strength has predictive power in relation to a range of health conditions-even when these are assessed decades later-has motivated claims that hand-grip dynamometry has the potential to serve as a "vital sign" for middle-aged and older adults. Central to this belief has been the assumption that grip strength is a simple measure of physical performance that provides a marker of muscle status in general, and sarcopenia in particular. It is now evident that while differences in grip strength between individuals are influenced by musculoskeletal factors, "lifespan" changes in grip strength within individuals are exquisitely sensitive to integrity of neural systems that mediate the control of coordinated movement. The close and pervasive relationships between age-related declines in maximum grip strength and expressions of cognitive dysfunction can therefore be understood in terms of the convergent functional and structural mediation of cognitive and motor processes by the human brain. In the context of aging, maximum grip strength is a discriminating measure of neurological function and brain health.

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“…Our finding further highlights the specific involvement of RCau in the OM facet of meditation, which is characterized by a wider conscious access to the fields of experience. Specifically, we found an increased expertisemodulated connection of RCau with nodes in the Language Network, the left angular gyrus (LAngG) and left middle temporal gyrus (LMTG) which can be associated to an enhanced hub function of the caudate in multiple cognitive abilities (Graff-Radford et al, 2017). This evidence is also consistent with an earlier finding by our research group, with the same set of long-term meditators, where the activation of the left parieto-temporal areas in OM meditation have been associated to conscious access and meta-awareness (Manna et al, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Indeed, it has been found that such regions decrease their thickness with ageing (Bauer et al, 2015). Moreover, it has been shown that the caudate nucleus has a great importance in practitioners of yoga and insight meditation (Gard et al, 2015) and that lesions of this region have a profound effect on several behavioral and cognitive abilities (Graff-Radford et al, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disentangling functional connectivity effects of age and expertise in long-term meditators

Guidotti

Perrucci

Romani

et al. 2019

Preprint

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words)The effects of intensive meditation practices on the functional and structural organization of the human brain have been addressed by a growing number of neuroscientific studies. However, the different modulations of meditation expertise and of ageing, in the underlying brain areas and networks, have not yet been fully elucidated. These effects should be distinguished in order to clarify how long-term meditation can modulate the connectivity between brain areas. To address this issue, we tested whether meditation expertise and age can be predicted from the multivariate pattern of functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging connectivity, in Theravada Buddhist monks with long-term practice in two different meditation forms: Focused Attention (FA) and Open Monitoring (OM).We found that functional connectivity patterns in both meditation forms can be used to predict expertise and age of long-term meditators. Our findings suggest that meditation expertise is associated with meditation-specific brain networks modulations, while age-related modifications are general and independent from the meditation type. Specifically, expertise modulated patterns during FA meditation include nodes and connections implicated in focusing, sustaining and monitoring attention, while the predictive patterns during OM meditation include nodes associated with cognitive and affective monitoring. Thus, the two forms of meditation may differentially contribute to counteract the effects of neurocognitive decline with ageing by neuroplasticity of brain networks.

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Caudate nucleus as a component of networks controlling behavior

Cited by 68 publications

References 42 publications

Preliminary Studies on Immune Response and Viral Pathogenesis of Zika Virus in Rhesus Macaques

Preliminary Studies on Immune Response and Viral Pathogenesis of Zika Virus in Rhesus Macaques

Get a grip: individual variations in grip strength are a marker of brain health

Disentangling functional connectivity effects of age and expertise in long-term meditators

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