Caudate and cerebellar involvement in altered P2 and P3 components of GO/NoGO evoked potentials in children with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Abstract

Previous studies showed reduced activity of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and supplementary motor area during inhibition in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study aimed to investigate deep brain generators underlying alterations of evoked potential components triggered by visual GO/NoGO tasks in children with ADHD compared with typically developing children (TDC).Standardized weighted low-resolution electromagnetic tomography (swLORETA) source analysis showed that lower GO-P3 component in children with ADHD was explained not only by a reduced contribution of the frontal areas but also by a stronger contribution of the anterior part of the caudate nucleus in these children compared with TDC. While the reduction of the NoGO-P3 component in children with ADHD was essentially explained by a reduced contribution of the dorsal ACC, the higher NoGO-P2 amplitude in these children was concomitant to the reduced contribution of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, the insula, and the cerebellum. These data corroborate previous findings showed by fMRI studies and offered insight relative to the precise time-related contribution of the caudate nucleus and the cerebellum during the automatic feature of inhibition processes in children with ADHD. These results were discussed regarding the involvement of the fronto-basal ganglia and frontocerebellum networks in inhibition and attention alterations in ADHD.

Trait and state mindfulness modulate EEG microstates

“…It is important to highlight that we found that the occurrence of microstate C during OM was correlated to the non-reactivity facet of FFMQ in meditators and it was characterized at the source level by a strong activity of the cerebellum (anterior and posterior part) compared to non-meditators. In a previous study, we have recently suggested that the anterior part of the cerebellum contributes to automatic features of inhibition control integrating into its multiple internal representations the appropriate behavioral responses to stimuli [Zarka et al, 2021]. According to the critical role of the cerebellum in sensorimotor control and learning [Cheron et al, 2013; Cheron et al, 2016; De Zeeuw, 2021], this structure would represent a major neural substrate of non-reactivity behavior, motor and cognitive inhibition, underlying mindfulness meditation.…”

“…According to distinctive microstate « C » maps related to RS1 and RS2 in nonmeditators, we investigated generators underlying topographical dissimilarities of microstate « C » between groups and conditions through standardized weighted lowresolution electromagnetic tomography analysis (swLORETA, ASA Software, ANT Neuro, the Netherlands) (Cebolla et al, 2017(Cebolla et al, , 2016(Cebolla et al, , 2011Leroy et al, 2017;Palmero-Soler et al, 2007;Zarka et al, 2021Zarka et al, , 2020. Derived from the sLORETA method (Pascual-Marqui, 2002;Pascual-Marqui et al, 2002;Wagner et al, 2004), swLORETA model spatially distinct sources of neuronal activity from EEG signals without prior knowledge about the anatomical location of the generators even when two dipoles are simultaneously active, and permits the reconstruction of surface and deep sources incorporating a singular value decomposition-based lead field weighting the varying sensitivity of the sensors to current sources at different depths (Cebolla et al, 2016(Cebolla et al, , 2011Palmero-Soler et al, 2007).…”

“…In a recent study on children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, we previously suggested that the anterior part of the cerebellum contributed to automatic features of inhibition control integrating into its multiple internal representations the appropriate behavioral responses to stimuli (Zarka et al, 2021). Thus, according to the critical role of the cerebellum in sensorimotor control and learning (Cheron et al, 2013(Cheron et al, , 2016De Zeeuw, 2021), this structure would also represent a major neural substrate of non-reactivity behavior (motor and cognitive inhibition provided by the cerebellar cortex) underlying mindfulness meditation.…”

“…It is important to highlight that we found that the occurrence of microstate C during OM was correlated to the non-reactivity facet of FFMQ in meditators and it was characterized at the source level by a strong activity of the cerebellum (anterior and posterior part) compared to non-meditators. In a previous study, we have recently suggested that the anterior part of the cerebellum contributes to automatic features of inhibition control integrating into its multiple internal representations the appropriate behavioral responses to stimuli [Zarka et al, 2021].…”

Longitudinal Analysis of Self-Reported Symptoms, Behavioral Measures, and Event-Related Potential Components of a Cued Go/NoGo Task in Adults With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Controls

“…In the ADHD group, these two components decreased similarly, whereas in the control group the NoGoP3 decreased more strongly compared to the GoP3, resulting in a more pronounced decrease of the P3d amplitude. Since the NoGoP3 amplitude represents the neural underpinnings of inhibition (Grane et al, 2016;Zarka et al, 2021) one might argue that the neuronal inhibition effort during NoGo trials diminished somewhat stronger for the control than for the ADHD group.…”