Caudal Necrosis in Suckling Rats

Dikshit, P. K.; Sriramachari, S.

doi:10.1038/181063a0

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…2). The specific combination of histopathological changes observed in the BhϪ͞Ϫ tail, namely ballooning degeneration of the upper stratum spinosum and pallor, together with typical markers of rodent ringtail such as hyperkeratosic parakeratosis, neutrophilic infiltrate, and necrosis, have not been reported previously (26,33). Instead, this unique combination of histomorphological features in BhϪ͞Ϫ tail lesions was similar to descriptions of human skin lesions associated with pellagra, necrolytic migratory erythema (glucagonoma), and acrodermatitis enteropathica (34).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

The neutral cysteine protease bleomycin hydrolase is essential for epidermal integrity and bleomycin resistance

Schwartz

Homanics²,

Hoyt³

et al. 1999

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The papain superfamily member bleomycin hydrolase (Blmh) is a neutral cysteine protease with structural similarity to a 20S proteasome. Bleomycin (BLM), a clinically used glycopeptide anticancer agent, is deaminated in vitro by Blmh. We used gene targeting to generate mice that lack Blmh and demonstrated that Blmh is the sole enzyme required for BLM deamination. Although some Blmh null mice were viable and reproduced, only about 65% of the expected number survived the neonatal period, revealing an important role for Blmh in neonatal survival. Mice lacking Blmh exhibited variably penetrant tail dermatitis that resembled rodent ringtail. The histopathology of the tail dermatitis was similar to skin lesions in humans with pellagra, necrolytic migratory erythema, and acrodermatitis enteropathica. Compared with controls, Blmh null mice were more sensitive to acute BLM lethality and developed pulmonary fibrosis more readily following BLM treatment. Thus, we have established that Blmh is an essential protectant against BLM-induced death and has an important role in neonatal survival and in maintaining epidermal integrity.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

The neutral cysteine protease bleomycin hydrolase is essential for epidermal integrity and bleomycin resistance

Schwartz

Homanics²,

Hoyt³

et al. 1999

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…The mean age at observation was 21 days, but lesions were most likely already present at an early age, as reported for rats in which ringtail is commonly observed in preweaning animals and can be observed as early as 2 days after birth. 3,4,16,29,31 Detailed gross evaluation of affected litters revealed that the tail was the most frequently affected site, followed by the digits of the pes. We observed, for the first time, constrictions also at the level of the crus and antebrachium in 2 and 1 of 20 affected litters, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ringtail is a pathologic condition of laboratory rodents characterized by annular constrictions affecting the tail and less frequently the hindlimbs, leading to distal necrosis and eventually spontaneous auto-amputation. 17,31 Ringtail has been mainly reported in laboratory rats (Rattus norvegicus), occurring either as a spontaneous disease in preweaning animals 3,4,16,29,31 or as an experimentally induced condition in adults. 1,2,7,9 Spontaneous cases of ringtail have been also described in the whitetailed hamster (Mystromys albicaudatus) 26 and the pouched mouse (Saccostomus campestris).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In severe cases, vascular thrombosis and necrosis of underlying dermis were also described. 3,4 Previously, it was suggested that the low relative humidity causes cooling by evaporation of the naked newborn rat, leading to vasoconstriction in an attempt to reduce the heat loss. If vasoconstriction is prolonged for some time, necrosis of the tail may then result.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Pathologic and Environmental Studies Provide New Pathogenetic Insights Into Ringtail of Laboratory Mice

et al. 2014

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Ringtail is a pathologic condition of laboratory rodents characterized by annular constrictions of the tail. Traditionally, it is classified as an environmental disorder caused by low relative humidity, but other factors (temperature, dietary deficiencies, genetic susceptibility, and caging type) have also been proposed. Twenty litters of mice with ringtail lesions occurred from September 2010 to August 2013 in a facility located in the northern Italy. Mice were maintained under controlled environmental conditions and fed a standard diet. Retrospective analysis of environmental data (relative humidity, temperature) was carried out. Gross, histopathologic, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy examination of tails and limbs was performed. The incidence of ringtail was 0.075% (20/26 800) of all weaned litters over the 3-year period of examination. Temperature and relative humidity remained within accepted limits in all cases except one. We observed annular constrictions in tail, digits of pes, crus, and antebrachium in 116 (100.0%), 47 (40.5%), 11 (9.5%), and 2 (1.7%) of 116 affected mice, respectively. Histologic and ultrastructural examination revealed abnormal keratin desquamation and presence of a keratin ring encircling the tail, causing progressive strangulation of the growing tail with subsequent compression and ulceration of underlying soft tissues, resulting in circulatory changes (edema, hyperemia, thrombosis, hemorrhages), ischemic necrosis, and eventually auto-amputation distal to the constriction. On the basis of our findings, we suggest a disorder of cornification as the primary lesion of ringtail in mice. The cause of these cases, however, remained undetermined, even though traditional etiologic factors (relative humidity, temperature, diet, caging type) were reasonably excluded.

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Skin Diseases of Exotic Pets

Paterson¹

2006

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Caudal Necrosis in Suckling Rats

Cited by 8 publications

References 2 publications

The neutral cysteine protease bleomycin hydrolase is essential for epidermal integrity and bleomycin resistance

The neutral cysteine protease bleomycin hydrolase is essential for epidermal integrity and bleomycin resistance

Pathologic and Environmental Studies Provide New Pathogenetic Insights Into Ringtail of Laboratory Mice

Skin Diseases of Exotic Pets

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