Caucasian Mediterranean patients seeking rhinoplasty—Anthropometric measurements and prevalence of major deformities

Abstract

ObjectiveTo describe the average values of the nasal anthropometric measurements of Caucasian Mediterranean patients seeking rhinoplasty and evaluate the major nasal deformities.DesignProspective, observational and cross‐sectional study.SettingCentro Hospitalar do Porto.ParticipantsA 100 Caucasian Mediterranean patients seeking rhinoplasty.OutcomesStandardized photography was used to obtain nasal anthropometric measurements and to evaluate the major nasal defects. Data regarding age, gender, skin type and Fitzpatrick scale were also collected.ResultsThere was a statistically significant difference in the means values of palpebral fissure, intercanthal width, upper lip height, nasal root width, morphological nose width, nose height, nasal tip projection and nasofrontal–hump and nasofrontal–supratip angles between females and males. The major nasal deformity was dorsal hump (78.0%), followed by rinomegalia (53.0%) and boxy bulbous tip (47.0%).ConclusionThe present study shows statistically significant gender differences between anthropometric nasal measurements and the mean values are greater than standard values obtained on general population. This might be one of the reasons why Caucasian Mediterranean patients seek aesthetical rhinoplasty. On both genders, dorsal hump, rinomegalia and boxy bulbous tip were the major nasal defects. This emphasize the importance of rhinoplasty techniques designed to reconstruct nasal dorsum and nasal tip on Caucasian Mediterranean patients. To the best of our knowledge, our study is the first study of digital anthropometric nasal analysis and evaluation of major nasal defects specifically in Caucasian Mediterranean patients who applied for rhinoplasty. With this results, we provide a reference material for the evaluation of the Caucasian and Mediterranean patient when planning a cosmetic nasal surgery.

120 Years of Dorsal Preservation in Rhinoplasty

“…But, Cottle did provide anecdotal evidence of postoperative symptoms, such as vasomotor disturbances and neuralgia, which were aggravated by temperature changes following hump resection. 1 While radiographic improvement in internal nasal valve angles and functional improvement in nasal function have been proven postpreservation rhinoplasty, 6 a recent Turkish study found no difference in functional outcomes between Let Down Rhinoplasty and Open Rhinoplasty with spreader grafts measured by NOSE, SNOT-22, and Visual Analogue Scale. 7 A recent systematic review assessing patient satisfaction following structural rhinoplasty versus dorsal preservation rhinoplasty could not determine superiority in satisfaction scores due to the small numbers of satisfaction studies in preservation rhinoplasty studies and the heterogeneity across the studies.…”

“…-A strip of septal cartilage and bone is removed just subdorsally, followed by complete lateral and transverse osteotomies to mobile the nasal pyramid -A push down technique is performed if slight lowering of dorsum is required, while a let down technique involving wedge resections of ascending processes of maxilla is performed if greater lowering of dorsum is required (>4 mm) Cottle postulated that the nasal dorsum and its layers (mucosa, perichondrium, cartilage, periosteum, bone, soft tissues and skin) formed the "well-insulated roof" of the nasal pyramid, and is therefore essential in normal nasal physiologic function. 1 Removal of this "roof," therefore, disrupts normal nasal physiology. While this concept of the insulated roof may sound reasonable, there was no substantial "physiological" evidence provided in their scientific publication.…”

“…To retain the nasal function conferred by an intact dorsum. Complications of hump resection included dorsal irregularity, scarring and cicatricial contracture, inverted V-deformity, open roof deformity, rocker deformity, and disruption of internal nasal valve function.Cottle postulated that the nasal dorsum and its layers (mucosa, perichondrium, cartilage, periosteum, bone, soft tissues and skin) formed the "well-insulated roof" of the nasal pyramid, and is therefore essential in normal nasal physiologic function 1. Removal of this "roof," therefore, disrupts normal nasal physiology.…”

“…The prominent dorsal nasal hump is a common feature of the nose that is widely considered nonaesthetic. 1 Reduction in the dorsal hump is one of the commonest indications for rhinoplasty. It is not surprising that much of the efforts by rhinoplasty surgeons has been, and still is, focused on the management of the nasal dorsum.…”

Shaved Cartilage Gel Versus Diced Cartilage on Final Dorsal Camouflage: Prospective Study of 200 Patients

“…However, aesthetic evaluation of the appearance of the nose may be influenced by non-nasal aesthetical factors or even by psychological characteristics. [26][27][28] Finally, the classification of the skin type was based on surgeon clinical experience, making this a subjective measure. In this study, we used a cutoff of time as a method to divide the sample into two groups (DC vs. SC+PRF).…”