Cattle feeding tendency of Anopheles mosquitoes and their infection rates in Aradum village, North Wollo, Ethiopia: an implication for animal-based malaria control strategies

Abstract

Background Surveillance of indoor and outdoor resting malaria vector populations is crucial to monitor possible changes in vector resting and feeding behaviours. This study was conducted to assess the resting behaviour, blood meal sources and circumsporozoite (CSP) rates of Anopheles mosquito in Aradum village, Northern Ethiopia. Methods Mosquito collection was conducted from September 2019 to February 2020 using clay pots (indoor and outdoor), pit shelter and pyrethrum spray catches (PSC). The species of Anopheles gambiae complex and Anopheles funestus group were identified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was done to determine CSP and blood meal sources of malaria vectors. Results A total of 775 female Anopheles mosquitoes were collected using the clay pot, PSC and pit shelter. Seven Anopheles mosquito species were identified morphologically, of which Anopheles demeilloni (593; 76.5%) was the dominant species followed by An. funestus group (73; 9.4%). Seventy-three An. funestus group screened by PCR, 91.8% (67/73) were identified as Anopheles leesoni and only 2.7% (2/73) were found to be Anopheles parensis. The molecular speciation of 71 An. gambiae complex confirmed 91.5% (65/71) of Anopheles arabiensis. The majority of Anopheles mosquitoes were collected from outdoor pit shelter (42.2%) followed by outdoor clay pots. The majority of the blood meal of An. demeilloni (57.5%; 161/280), An. funestus sensu lato 10 (43.5%) and An. gambiae (33.3%; 14/42) originated from bovine. None of the 364 Anopheles mosquitoes tested for Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax sporozoite infections were positive. Conclusion Since the Anopheles mosquitoes in the area prefer to bite cattle, it may be best to target them with an animal-based intervention. Clay pots could be an alternative tool for outdoor monitoring of malaria vectors in areas where pit shelter construction is not possible.

Species Composition and Abundance of Indoor Adult Resting Mosquitoes in the Male Students' Hostel at Federal University Dutse, Jigawa State, Nigeria

“…Pyrethroid spray catch employed in this study has been described as a common means of trapping mosquitoes that are resting inside buildings and animal shelters (Eshetu et al 2023). It is normally an efficient procedure, although its effectiveness is dependent on the type of house in which it is deployed (Russell, 2022).…”

Species composition, infection rate and feeding preference of Anopheles mosquito species (Diptera: Culicidae) in the west Amhara Region, northwest Ethiopia

“…mosquito species fed on humans and goats, the majority of blood meal sources were cattle blood accounting for 56.2%. However, “[ 17 , 26 ]” and “[ 19 ]”, reported different results. The possible reason for this might be due to difference in host selection behavior, flight range and blood feeding patterns of each An .…”

“…However, different pocket studies in Ethiopia “[ 11 – 14 ]”, reported different vector species composition, infection rate and blood meal sources. Likewise, in Amhara Region, even if there has been lack of entomological monitoring, comprehensive information on species composition, infection rate and blood meal sources, some pocket studies “[ 15 – 19 ]”, reported different vector species composition, infection rate and blood meal sources. Due to this, there is lack of comprehensive information on the prevailing species composition, infection rate and feeding preferences in the study areas.…”

Human blood index of Anopheles arabiensis in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

“…Subsequently, 58 articles were excluded. The remaining 31 articles underwent full-text screening, resulting in 20 articles that ful lled the eligibility criteria and were included in the meta-analysis [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38]. The article selection process adhered to the PRISMA ow diagram (Fig.…”