Cats and Goat Whey Associated with <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> Infection in Pigs

Meerburg, B.G.; Riel, J.W. van; Cornelissen, J.B.W.J.; Kijlstra, Aize; Mul, M.F.

doi:10.1089/vbz.2006.6.266

Cited by 63 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The presence of cats and contamination of feed and water are well known risk factors for T. gondii infection (Garcia-Bocanegra et al, 2010;Meerburg et al, 2006). Although no significant associations were found in this study, our results are aligned with risk factors reported in previous studies: the relative risk of being positive was higher in those farms having cats or practices that increase the potential of feed contamination with cat's faeces.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

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Experimental studies on Toxoplasma gondii in the main livestock species (GP/EFSA/BIOHAZ/2013/01) Final report

Opsteegh

Schares

Blaga

et al. 2016

EFS3

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After extensive review of the literature, experimental studies were performed in the main livestock species (cattle, small ruminants, pigs, horses and poultry) to address the main knowledge gaps considering (1) the relationship between detection of antibodies and presence of T. gondii, (2) the anatomical distribution of tissue cysts, and (3) on-farm risk factors for infection. In slaughterhouse studies in cattle and horses, a lack of concordance between detection of antibodies by MAT and detection of T. gondii in tissues by mouse bioassay or MC-PCR was demonstrated. Positive mouse bioassay results were obtained in cattle and horses, indicating a potential infection risk for consumers. DISCLAIMERThe present document has been produced and adopted by the bodies identified above as author(s). In accordance with Article 36 of Regulation (EC) No 178/2002, this task has been carried out exclusively by the author(s) in the context of a grant agreement between the European Food Safety Authority and the author(s). The present document is published complying with the transparency principle to which the Authority is subject. It cannot be considered as an output adopted by the Authority. The European Food Safety Authority reserves its rights, view and position as regards the issues addressed and the conclusions reached in the present document, without prejudice to the rights of the authors. The present document has been produced and adopted by the bodies identified above as author(s). In accordance with Article 36 of Regulation (EC) No 178/2002, this task has been carried out exclusively by the author(s) in the context of a grant agreement between the European Food Safety Authority and the author(s). The present document is published complying with the transparency principle to which the Authority is subject. It cannot be considered as an output adopted by the Authority. The European Food Safety Authority reserves its rights, view and position as regards the issues addressed and the conclusions reached in the present document, without prejudice to the rights of the authors. 2In naturally infected pigs and chickens the agreement depended on assays and matrices/analytes used, but was considered fair to substantial. Calves, sheep, pigs, chickens and turkeys were experimentally infected with T. gondii. In calves various tissues were tested and T. gondii was recovered, but no clear predilection sites were identified. There was also little variation in parasite load between the different edible tissues (i.e. skeletal muscles) from pigs and sheep. Brain and heart were clearly identified as predilection sites in chickens and turkeys, with higher parasite loads compared to breast, thigh and drumstick muscle. The observation that drumstick, an edible tissue, tested positive in 25% (8/32) of the bioassay positive organic laying hens, indicated a potential risk for consumers. The seroprevalence of T. gondii in Dutch indoor-housed dairy goats appears to be relatively low and was associated with the presence of cats at the farm. I...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…This knowledge is essential for the future implementation of Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) allowing the farmers to develop efficient and sustainable control measures against T. gondii infection for their farms (Kijlstra et al, 2009;Meerburg et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introduction and Objectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental studies on Toxoplasma gondii in the main livestock species (GP/EFSA/BIOHAZ/2013/01) Final report

Opsteegh

Schares

Blaga

et al. 2016

EFS3

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“…For example, in intensively managed swine farms, modern biosecure management practices have resulted in reduced levels of infection in swine raised in confinement [96,179,180]. In organic livestock production systems, farmmanagement factors including feeding are thought to play an important role in the on-farm prevalence of T. gondii [181]. To limit T. gondii infection in such farms, recommended practices include exclusion of cats or other wildlife, strict rodent control and restriction of human entry in pig barns [182].…”

Section: Conclusion: Consequences For the Management Of Zoonotic Tranmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Life Cycle of Toxoplasma gondii in the Natural Environment

Gilot‐Fromont¹,

Lélu

Dardé

et al. 2012

Toxoplasmosis - Recent Advances

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“…The cases of cannibalism by the accidental access to preliminary dead animals, especially when animal tissues are buried or composted are considerably common [41,44,49,71]. Similarly, providing drink water of unknown quality to the pigs, possibly contaminated with the oocysts and feeding of raw animal products such as goat whey is also a potential risk, if made from unprocessed milk containing tachyzoites from a recently infected animal undergoing the dissemination phase [42,75].…”

Section: Risk Factors Associated With the Porcine Toxoplasmosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence, Genetic Diversity, Tissue Distribution, and Risk Factors Contributing to T. gondii Burden in Domestic Pigs

Jennes¹,

Cox²

2017

Toxoplasmosis

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Toxoplasma gondii is an obligatory intracellular parasite of mammals, including humans and domestic animals. The infection with this parasite has severe clinical consequences, as it causes abortion or fetal abnormalities, encephalitis in immunocompromised humans, ocular toxoplasmosis with chorioretinitis, and it may contribute to Alzheimer disease. Therefore, an efficient control of T. gondii by prevention of the transmission to humans is strongly recommended. Pork is considered as an important source of toxoplasmosis, due to the frequent consumption of the raw or undercooked porcine meat products, a high susceptibility of pigs to the infection, and because of the numerous risk factors, contributing to the prevalence of toxoplasmosis in the pig population. The cellular and humoral immune responses, such as IgM, IgG, IFN-gamma, and interleukin-10 or -12 production, associated with the acute and chronic infection in pigs, do not prevent development of the tissue cysts, which persist lifelong within the intermediate host. Therefore, the prevalence of T. gondii in the pig population might be an useful indication of the risk associated with the consumption of the porcine meat.

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Cats and Goat Whey Associated with Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Pigs

Cited by 63 publications

References 19 publications

Experimental studies on Toxoplasma gondii in the main livestock species (GP/EFSA/BIOHAZ/2013/01) Final report

Experimental studies on Toxoplasma gondii in the main livestock species (GP/EFSA/BIOHAZ/2013/01) Final report

The Life Cycle of Toxoplasma gondii in the Natural Environment

Prevalence, Genetic Diversity, Tissue Distribution, and Risk Factors Contributing to T. gondii Burden in Domestic Pigs

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