Cationic porphyrin derivatives for application in photodynamic therapy of cancer

Antibiotics are commonly used to control, treat, or prevent bacterial infections, however bacterial resistance to all known classes of traditional antibiotics has greatly increased in the past years especially in hospitals rendering certain therapies ineffective. To limit this emerging public health problem, there is a need to develop non-incursive, non-toxic, and new antimicrobial techniques that act more effectively and quicker than the current antibiotics. One of these effective techniques is antibacterial photodynamic therapy (aPDT). This review focuses on the application of porphyrins in the photo-inactivation of bacteria. Mechanisms of bacterial resistance and some of the current ‘greener’ methods of synthesis of meso-phenyl porphyrins are discussed. In addition, significance and limitations of aPDT are also discussed. Furthermore, we also elaborate on the current clinical applications and the future perspectives and directions of this non-antibiotic therapeutic strategy in combating infectious diseases.

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“…Several porphyrins are now approved for a variety of diseases, including cancers [149,150,151] and age-related macular degeneration [152,153].…”

Section: Other Applications Of Porphyrinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Porphyrins in Antibacterial Photodynamic Therapy

2019

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“…–Ph, –PF and –CO 2 Me compounds were more photochemically active than T 4 PM and –CO 2 H compounds after light activation, causing cell apoptosis in the human colon adenocarcinoma cell line Caco-2. This study showed that the nature of the peripheral substituent at the meso -position is very important for potent photocytotoxicity, and –Ph, –PF and –CO 2 Me porphyrin derivatives were good PSs for PDT [ 60 ].…”

Section: Porphyrin and Chlorin Derivatives For Pdt Treatment Of Colorectal Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Porphyrin/Chlorin Derivatives as Promising Molecules for Therapy of Colorectal Cancer

et al. 2021

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Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related death. The demand for new therapeutic approaches has increased attention paid toward therapies with high targeting efficiency, improved selectivity and few side effects. Porphyrins are powerful molecules with exceptional properties and multifunctional uses, and their special affinity to cancer cells makes them the ligands par excellence for anticancer drugs. Porphyrin derivatives are used as the most important photosensitizers (PSs) for photodynamic therapy (PDT), which is a promising approach for anticancer treatment. Nevertheless, the lack of solubility and selectivity of the large majority of these macrocycles led to the development of different photosensitizer complexes. In addition, targeting agents or nanoparticles were used to increase the efficiency of these macrocycles for PDT applications. On the other hand, gold tetrapyrrolic macrocycles alone showed very interesting chemotherapeutic activity without PDT. In this review, we discuss the most important porphyrin derivatives, alone or associated with other drugs, which have been found effective against CRC, as we describe their modifications and developments through substitutions and delivery systems.

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“…PS toxicity is not appreciated unless oxidative stress occurs in response to its activation [125,141]. In addition to eliciting direct cytotoxic effects [142][143][144][145][146][147] and vascular damage [148], PDT also induces immunological reactions [20,[149][150][151]. PDT outcome has been associated with the subcellular localization of PSs [146,[152][153][154] and the PDT dose delivered, leading to tumor cell photodamage through four, not mutually exclusive, cell death pathways, such as apoptosis, necrosis, autophagy, and paraptosis, which could differentially stimulate the host immune system [155].…”

Section: Photodynamic Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Dendritic Cells and Immunogenic Cancer Cell Death: A Combination for Improving Antitumor Immunity

et al. 2020

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The safety and feasibility of dendritic cell (DC)-based immunotherapies in cancer management have been well documented after more than twenty-five years of experimentation, and, by now, undeniably accepted. On the other hand, it is equally evident that DC-based vaccination as monotherapy did not achieve the clinical benefits that were predicted in a number of promising preclinical studies. The current availability of several immune modulatory and targeting approaches opens the way to many potential therapeutic combinations. In particular, the evidence that the immune-related effects that are elicited by immunogenic cell death (ICD)-inducing therapies are strictly associated with DC engagement and activation strongly support the combination of ICD-inducing and DC-based immunotherapies. In this review, we examine the data in recent studies employing tumor cells, killed through ICD induction, in the formulation of anticancer DC-based vaccines. In addition, we discuss the opportunity to combine pharmacologic or physical therapeutic approaches that can promote ICD in vivo with in situ DC vaccination.

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Cationic porphyrin derivatives for application in photodynamic therapy of cancer

Cited by 22 publications

References 44 publications

Application of Porphyrins in Antibacterial Photodynamic Therapy

Application of Porphyrins in Antibacterial Photodynamic Therapy

Porphyrin/Chlorin Derivatives as Promising Molecules for Therapy of Colorectal Cancer

Dendritic Cells and Immunogenic Cancer Cell Death: A Combination for Improving Antitumor Immunity

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