Cationic polyacrylamide copolymers (PAMs): environmental half life determination in sludge-treated soil

Hennecke, Dieter; Bauer, Angela; Herrchen, Monika; Wischerhoff, Erik; Gores, Friedhelm

doi:10.1186/s12302-018-0143-3

Cited by 34 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…In addition to allowing the polymerization of polyacrylamide (PAM) (-CH 2 CHCONH 2 -), the acrylamide is a common co-monomer for copolymerization with acrylates, in particular, adding an ionic character to the polymer matrix. PAM copolymers with acrylic acid and its sodium salts are often used in waste water treatment, but also have many other applications as, e.g., soil conditioner, absorbent, oil recovery and a thickening agent, flocculating and suspending agent, and lubricant [131].…”

Section: Polyacrylates Polyacrylonitrile (Pan) and Polyacrylamide (Pam)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Keratin Associations with Synthetic, Biosynthetic and Natural Polymers: An Extensive Review

Donato

Mija

2019

Polymers

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Among the biopolymers from animal sources, keratin is one the most abundant, with a major contribution from side stream products from cattle, ovine and poultry industry, offering many opportunities to produce cost-effective and sustainable advanced materials. Although many reviews have discussed the application of keratin in polymer-based biomaterials, little attention has been paid to its potential in association with other polymer matrices. Thus, herein, we present an extensive literature review summarizing keratin’s compatibility with other synthetic, biosynthetic and natural polymers, and its effect on the materials’ final properties in a myriad of applications. First, we revise the historical context of keratin use, describe its structure, chemical toolset and methods of extraction, overview and differentiate keratins obtained from different sources, highlight the main areas where keratin associations have been applied, and describe the possibilities offered by its chemical toolset. Finally, we contextualize keratin’s potential for addressing current issues in materials sciences, focusing on the effect of keratin when associated to other polymers’ matrices from biomedical to engineering applications, and beyond.

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Section: Polyacrylates Polyacrylonitrile (Pan) and Polyacrylamide (Pam)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Keratin Associations with Synthetic, Biosynthetic and Natural Polymers: An Extensive Review

Donato

Mija

2019

Polymers

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“…A mean degradation rate of 9.8% per year was derived [92]. A very similar degradation rate was obtained for a polyacrylamide copolymer, which is not among the set of polymers considered in the present evaluation: Hennecke et al [46] investigated the degradation of a 14 C-labeled cationic polyacrylamide copolymer (6000 kDa, 30 mol% acrylamide) in sludge-treated soil in an outdoor lysimeter study. Throughout the 3-year test duration, MW of the polymer decreased significantly due to cleavage of the carbon backbone.…”

Section: Homo-and Copolymers Of Acrylic Acidmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…Throughout the test duration, levels of NERs were around 10% of the applied radioactivity. As noted by Hennecke et al [46], the amount of NERs was probably underestimated, because a matrix-destructive extraction method was used.…”

Section: Homo-and Copolymers Of Acrylic Acidmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…To derive general conclusions and to illustrate trends regarding their environmental fate and effects, data for the respective polymers with lower or higher MW were therefore also included in the present review. Data obtained with other polymers were included in some cases (e.g., [46]), especially when the database for the considered polymers is scarce.…”

Section: Availability Of Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Environmental fate and effects of water-soluble synthetic organic polymers used in cosmetic products

2021

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Because of their usually high molecular weight, polymers are generally considered as being of low environmental concern and are, therefore, exempted from registration and evaluation within REACH. This exemption is currently being reviewed by the European Commission. Against this background, data on the environmental fate and effects of selected water-soluble synthetic organic polymers used in cosmetic products were evaluated. The considered polymers include non-ionic polyethylene glycols (PEGs), anionic homo- and copolymers of acrylic acid (AA-P&CoPs), and cationic polyquaterniums (PQs). The PEGs are more amenable to biodegradation than the AA-P&CoPs and the PQs, which biodegrade slowly. In wastewater treatment plants, sorption and precipitation are expected to lead to an effective removal of the considered polymers from the wastewater. Uptake and bioaccumulation in aquatic organisms are limited by the large molecular size and, for AA-P&CoPs and PQs, the ionic charge of the polymers. In aquatic ecotoxicity tests, the PEGs and the AA-P&CoPs showed generally no to low toxicity. Effects of AA-P&CoPs on algae and crustaceans are attributed to the chelation of cationic nutrients in soft water, with toxicity being mitigated at higher water hardness. Toxicity of the cationic PQs to aquatic organisms ranged from absent to high, depending on the polymer structure, charge density and molecular weight, as well as on the test organism and test conditions. The observed effects most likely result from interactions with the organisms’ surfaces. Aquatic toxicity of the PQs is reduced by dissolved organic carbon, suspended solids, sediments minerals, and at higher water hardness, representative of natural conditions. Results from toxicity tests with sediment and soil organisms were only identified for homopolymers of acrylic acid, showing no toxicity. The evaluation of the available ecotoxicity data suggests that test methods may need to be adapted to the respective polymer type, and further standardised to improve reproducibility. Based on the identified data, the considered polymers are likely to be of low environmental concern. However, this conclusion must be seen as preliminary, since environmental concentrations could not be estimated, and further ecotoxicity data are required, e.g., for sediment and soil organisms.

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“…It connects loose particles and favours the formation of large aggregates. As a result, the erosion phenomena are limited or inhibited [32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44]. Soil flocculants can also bind chemical compounds present in soil including heavy metals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anionic polyacrylamide influence on the lead(II) ion accumulation in soil – the study on montmorillonite

Szewczuk-Karpisz

Wiśniewska

2020

J Environ Health Sci Engineer

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Purpose Polymeric substances, as soil conditioners, limit the erosion process as well as improve the soil structure. The same macromolecular compounds may influence the heavy metal accumulation in soil environment. The main aim of this study was investigation of anionic polyacrylamide (AN PAM) effect on the lead(II) ion sorption on the montmorillonite surface. The effects of Pb(II) ion concentration, sequence of heavy metal and anionic polymer addition into the system as well as anionic group content in the PAM macromolecules were also studied. Materials and methods The study was performed on montmorillonite (clay mineral). Two types of polymers were used: AN PAM 5% and AN PAM 30% containing 5% and 30% of carboxylic groups, respectively. The adsorbed amounts of Pb(II) ions or AN PAM on the solid were determined spectrophotometrically. Electrokinetic properties of the examined systems were established using potentiometric titration and microelectrophoresis method. The montmorillonite aggregation without and with selected substances was described based on the sedimentation study. Results At pH 5 the Pb(II) adsorbed amount on montmorillonite equaled 0.05 mg/m 2 (for the initial concentration 10 ppm). Anionic polyacrylamide increased this value significantly (it was 0.11 mg/m 2 with AN PAM 5% and 0.11 mg/m 2 with AN PAM 30%). The lead(II) ions presence causes a slight increase of the anionic PAM adsorption on the montmorillonite surface. For example, for the initial polymer concentration 100 ppm, the AN PAM 5% adsorbed amount without Pb(II) equaled 0.49 mg/m 2 , whereas with Pb(II)-0.57 mg/m 2. What is more, anionic polyacrylamide and lead(II) ions affected electrokinetic properties and stability of the montmorillonite suspension. Conclusions Anionic polyacrylamide makes the Pb(II) accumulation on the montmorillonite surface larger and, as a consequence, reduces the Pb(II) availability to organisms. Therefore, this macromolecular compound can certainly be used to remediate soils contaminated with heavy metals.

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Cationic polyacrylamide copolymers (PAMs): environmental half life determination in sludge-treated soil

Cited by 34 publications

References 7 publications

Keratin Associations with Synthetic, Biosynthetic and Natural Polymers: An Extensive Review

Keratin Associations with Synthetic, Biosynthetic and Natural Polymers: An Extensive Review

Environmental fate and effects of water-soluble synthetic organic polymers used in cosmetic products

Anionic polyacrylamide influence on the lead(II) ion accumulation in soil – the study on montmorillonite

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