Cationic photopolymerization with the aid of pyridinium-type salts

Schnabel, W.

doi:10.1002/1521-3927(20000601)21:10<628::aid-marc628>3.0.co;2-q

Cited by 42 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…One of the efficient approaches to overcome these drawbacks is to incorporate functional groups with a H‐donating nature into the PI backbone, allowing the design of one‐component hydrogen‐abstraction PIs that can initiate the photopolymerization without any co‐initiator . A series of benzophenone derivatives and thioxanthone derivatives, have been reported as efficient one‐component hydrogen‐abstraction PIs for FRP. It is still of great interest to continue such an exploration to solve the existing problems (e. g. most of these PIs only work under UV light and are used only for FRP) and enhance the photoinitiation efficiency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Naphthalimide‐Tertiary Amine Derivatives as Blue‐Light‐Sensitive Photoinitiators

et al. 2018

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The photochemical mechanism of the radical generation from photoinitiating systems based on 1, 8‐naphthalimide derivatives (ANDs; with tertiary amine moieties) are investigated by using various approaches including cyclic voltammetry, steady‐state photolysis, and electron spin resonance spin‐trapping techniques. It reveals that radicals can be produced from ANDs alone or ANDs/additive (e. g. iodonium salt or chloro triazine) combinations. The generated radicals and cations can initiate both free‐radical and cationic photopolymerization reactions under irradiation with various light‐emitting diodes or a halogen lamp. For most of the AND‐based photoinitiating systems, more than 60 % of acrylate or epoxide conversions were attained, and were even higher than those obtained by using commercial photoinitiators, for example, bisacylphosphine oxide or camphorquinone. More interestingly, the AND1‐based photoinitiating system can also initiate concomitant cationic/radical polymerizations and can be used for the synthesis of interpenetrated polymer networks.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Naphthalimide‐Tertiary Amine Derivatives as Blue‐Light‐Sensitive Photoinitiators

et al. 2018

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“… For this calculation, the potential of the first electron acceptance was taken: A1 ( E red −1.025 V) ; A2 ( E red −1.225 V) ; A3 ( E red −0.725 V ; A4 ( E red −0.64 V) ; A5 ( E red −1.0 V) ; D1 ( E ox 0.78 V); D2 ( E ox 0.67 V); D3 ( E ox 0.63 V); D4 ( E ox 0.68 V). …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

6‐Pyridinium benzo[a]phenazine‐5‐oxide derivatives as visible photosensitisers for polymerisation

Podemska

Orzeł

Kowalska

et al. 2014

Coloration Technology

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Several 6‐pyridinium benzo[a]phenazine‐5‐oxide derivatives have been synthesised and characterised by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The spectroscopic and electrochemical properties of these dyes were examined. The dyes were used as reducible sensitisers for selected electron donors (phenylthioacetic acid, phenoxyacetic acid, N‐phenylglycine, and ethyl 4‐N,N‐dimethylaminobenzoate) and as oxidisable sensitisers for electron acceptors (onium and N‐alkoxypyridinium salts). These photoredox pairs were found to be effective visible‐wavelength photoinitiators for the free radical polymerisation of trimethylolpropane triacrylate under visible light. The cationic photopolymerisation of cyclohexene oxide by the studied dyes and the onium salt photoredox pairs was ineffective. The obtained results are discussed on the basis of both free energy change for electron transfer to or from the benzo[a]phenazine dyes and the photochemical properties of the dyes, particularly their photobleaching. The proposed mechanism of dye fading is supported by density functional theory calculations and spectroscopic characterisation of the radical cation of the dye.

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“…− /A) is the reduction potential of the electron acceptor; E 00 is the excited state energy and Ze 2 / εa is the Coulombic energy (negligible with respect to the overall magnitude of the ). Reduction potentials of the electron acceptors used were taken from the literature [24] or estimated in a separate experiment (Table 6) and singlet‐state energy was calculated using : where h is Planck constant, c is the speed of light in a vacuum (3 × 10 17 nm s −1 ), N is the Avogadro constant and λ is the wavelength (nm) at the point where the normalised absorption and emission cross.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… a With Py1 ( E 1/2red = −1.025 V) [24]; b with Py2 ( E 1/2red = −1.225 V) [24]; c with Py3 ( E 1/2(red = −1.008 V) …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Naphthoylenebenzimidazolone sensitisers for photo‐oxidisable free radical polymerisation with the aid of pyridinium salts

Kolińska¹,

Sokołowska²

2008

Coloration Technology

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A series of neutral dyes based on the naphthoylenebenzimidazolone skeleton have been synthesised and evaluated as potential light‐absorbing chromophores for free radical polymerisation. Kinetic studies of photoinitiated polymerisation of methyl acrylate and trimethylolpropane triacrylate with pyridinium salts have proved that these dyes are efficient electron‐donating photoinitiators operating in visible light.

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Cationic photopolymerization with the aid of pyridinium-type salts

Cited by 42 publications

References 25 publications

Naphthalimide‐Tertiary Amine Derivatives as Blue‐Light‐Sensitive Photoinitiators

Naphthalimide‐Tertiary Amine Derivatives as Blue‐Light‐Sensitive Photoinitiators

6‐Pyridinium benzo[a]phenazine‐5‐oxide derivatives as visible photosensitisers for polymerisation

Naphthoylenebenzimidazolone sensitisers for photo‐oxidisable free radical polymerisation with the aid of pyridinium salts

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