Cationic lignin polymers as flocculants for municipal wastewater

Moore, Courtney; Gao, Weijue; Fatehi, Pedram

doi:10.1111/wej.12820

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Flocculation is a form of coagulation, when fine suspended dispersed particles in a liquid or gaseous medium form loose flocculated clusters, i.e., floccules. Natural [36,37] and synthetic water-soluble polymers [38,39] and their polycomplexes [40,41] are used as flocculants for raw water treatment.…”

Section: Coagulation and Flocculationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Slow Sand Filtration for Raw Water Treatment with Potential Application in Less-Developed Countries

Abdiyev

Azat

Kuldeyev

et al. 2023

Water

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Providing safe drinking water to people in developing countries is an urgent worldwide water problem and a main issue in the UN Sustainable Development Goals. One of the most efficient and cheapest methods to attain these goals is to promote the use of slow sand filters. This review shows that slow sand filters can efficiently provide safe drinking water to people living in rural communities not served by a central water supply. Probably, the most important aspect of SSF for developing and less-developed countries is its function as a biological filter. WASH problems mainly relate to the spread of viruses, bacteria, and parasites. The surface and shallow groundwater in developing countries around urban areas and settlements are often polluted by domestic wastewater containing these microbes and nutrients. Thus, SSF’s function is to treat raw water in the form of diluted wastewater where high temperature and access to nutrients probably mean a high growth rate of microbes and algae but probably also high predation and high efficiency of the SSF. However, factors that may adversely affect the removal of microbiological constituents are mainly low temperature, high and intermittent flow rates, reduced sand depth, filter immaturity, and various filter amendments. Further research is thus needed in these areas, specifically for developing countries.

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Section: Coagulation and Flocculationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Slow Sand Filtration for Raw Water Treatment with Potential Application in Less-Developed Countries

Abdiyev

Azat

Kuldeyev

et al. 2023

Water

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Flocculation is a form of coagulation, when fine suspended disperse particles in a liquid or gaseous medium, form loose flocculated clusters, i.e., floccules. Natural [35,36] and synthetic water-soluble polymers [37,38] and their polycomplexes [39,40] are used as flocculants for raw water treatment.…”

Section: Coagulation and Flocculationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Slow Sand Filtration for Raw Water Treatment with Potential Application in Less-Developed Countries

Abdiyev¹,

Azat²,

Kuldeyev³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Providing safe drinking water to people in developing countries is an urgent world-wide water problem and a main issue in the UN Sustainability Goals. One of the most efficient and cheapest methods to attain these goals is the use of slow sand filters. Slow sand filters can efficiently provide safe drinking water to people living in small rural communities not served by central water supply systems. The purpose of this review article is to critically summarize and synthesize features and advantages of slow sand filtration methods to improve the quality of drinking water with special focus on less-developed countries. Even though slow sand filtration is an old technique, its efficiency and cost-effectiveness make it important to continue to develop the method in parallel to other chemical and biological methods. Thus, there are needs to continue to develop methods for slow sand filtration combined with simple disinfection techniques for treatment of microbiological pollutants such as bacteria, microbes, viruses, and parasites. These techniques can be applied before or after the sand filter application. Studies are also needed to investigate other types of porous material in areas where suitable sand and gravel are not readily available. Methods are needed to reduce the contents of emerging environmental pollutants such as surfactants and microplastics. Also, further studies are needed to determine design criteria (particle size distribution, depth of media, residence time, temperature, etc.) for different types of pollutants, existing and emerging. Finally, further research is needed to advise on life cycle time, operation (e.g., batch or continuous flow), and maintenance procedures (cleaning of media, back-flushing, etc.) for used porous media in slow the sand filtration.

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“…In recent years, graft copolymerization has been frequently used to prepare various environmentally friendly lignin-based flocculants with improved flocculation performance. Moore et al [ 18 ] synthesized a cationic hydrolyzed lignin polymer using free-radical polymerization with [2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl] trimethylammonium chloride (METAC) and hydrolysis lignin (HL) and then examined the flocculation efficiency of the lignin-based flocculants in simulated wastewater. Their results indicated that HL-METAC could remove up to 60% of the TOC present.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of a Lignin-Based Cationic Flocculant and Its Application in Kaolin Suspension Treatment

Li,

Yao,

Dong

et al. 2024

Polymers

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The preparation of an environmentally friendly and efficient flocculant for solid-liquid separation in industrial wastewater is highly important. In this study, a novel cationic flocculant (AL-g-PAMA) was synthesized by a thermal initiation method using alkali lignin (AL) as the main chain and acrylamide (AM) and methacrylamido propyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (MAPTAC) as the grafted side chains. The structure, thermal stability, and surface morphology of the copolymers were investigated by various characterization methods. The results indicated the successful synthesis of AL-g-PAMA. AL-g-PAMA was applied to improve solid-liquid separation in kaolin suspensions. The results showed that AL-g-PAMA had excellent flocculation-sedimentation and dewatering efficiency. When the dosage of AL-g-PAMA #5 was 600.0 g/t(s), the thickness of the compressed layer was 2.2 cm, the floc settling velocity was 24.1 cm/min, and the transmittance of the supernatant was 84.0%. The moisture content of the filter cake decreased from 55.0% to 43.4% after treatment with AL-g-PAMA #5. The results of zeta potential and focused beam reflectance measurement (FBRM) analysis indicated that bridging and electroneutralization were the main flocculation mechanisms. Therefore, this study extends the potential for using lignin as a bioflocculant and provides a feasible approach to efficiently purify high-turbidity wastewater.

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Cationic lignin polymers as flocculants for municipal wastewater

Cited by 4 publications

References 46 publications

Review of Slow Sand Filtration for Raw Water Treatment with Potential Application in Less-Developed Countries

Review of Slow Sand Filtration for Raw Water Treatment with Potential Application in Less-Developed Countries

Review of Slow Sand Filtration for Raw Water Treatment with Potential Application in Less-Developed Countries

Preparation of a Lignin-Based Cationic Flocculant and Its Application in Kaolin Suspension Treatment

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