Cationic–anionic fluorinated surfactant mixtures based on short fluorocarbon chains as potential aqueous film-forming foam

He, Yuanhua; Sun, Qiang; Xing, Hang; Wu, Yi; Xiao, Jianguo

doi:10.1080/01932691.2018.1468262

Cited by 30 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The observed range of expansion values (7.1–8.6) and drainage times meet the requirement of low‐expansion foam applicated in fire extinguishing. Compared to other studies in the literature (He et al, 2019; Xu et al, 2020), the foams' expansion values measured herein are relatively small because of the dense structure of foams with lower porosity (Figure 5). In addition, the foam expansion increased with the hydrophobic chain of fluorinated surfactant, reflecting the improvement of surface activity of surfactant with increased chain length, as observed through Table 1.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 82%

“…Formulation of AFFFs usually includes hydrocarbon surfactant in addition to the key ingredient (fluorinated surfactant) to lower product costs and the environmental impact without weakening the fire extinguishing performance of foam (He et al, 2019; Jia et al, 2019). Previous work has shown that sodium hexanesulfonate (SHS) is a suitable hydrocarbon surfactant to include in short‐chain fluorosurfactant‐based foams (Jia et al, 2019).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The physicochemical and fire extinguishing performance of aqueous film‐forming foams based on a class of short‐chain fluorinated surfactants

Zhu

Jia

Zhang

2021

J Surfact & Detergents

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Aqueous film‐forming foams (AFFFs) are an important for fire extinguishing, and their key ingredient is fluorinated surfactant. In recent years, traditional long‐chain fluorinated surfactants have been banned by most countries because of their persistence, bio‐accumulation and toxicity. Therefore, increased attention has been paid to the research and development of short‐chain fluorinated surfactants. As is well known, the introduction of hydrophilic or hydrophobic groups in a surfactant affects its surface activity, and therefore, the fire extinguishing performance of AFFFs. In this work, a series of short‐chain fluorosurfactant‐based AFFFs with different hydrophobic chain lengths were prepared. The physicochemical performance of mixed systems (fluorinated surfactant plus sodium hexanesulfonate), including surface activity, spreading ability, foam expansion, drainage time, and the fire extinguishing and burn‐back performance of AFFFs were studied. The results show that the critical micelle concentration (CMC) and the surface tension (γCMC) at the CMC of mixed systems at 25°C are lower than 7.68 mmol/L and 16.51 mN/m, respectively. For mixed systems, the average spreading rate is more than 1.09 cm/s, the foam expansion is over 7.1, and the drainage time is greater than 3.28 min. The fire extinguishing time of AFFFs on fuels is less than 51 s while the burn‐back time is more than 15.18 min. The results imply a potential application prospect of the short‐chain fluorinated surfactants in AFFFs.

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 82%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The physicochemical and fire extinguishing performance of aqueous film‐forming foams based on a class of short‐chain fluorinated surfactants

Zhu

Jia

Zhang

2021

J Surfact & Detergents

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“…When S was greater than zero, the foam solution (above) could be spread on the fuel (below) surface. When S was less than or equal to zero, the foam aqueous solution (above) could not spread on the fuel (below) surface (Harkins & Feldman, 1922;He et al, 2019;Woodman et al, 1978).…”

Section: Measurement Of Spreading Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Study on aqueous film‐forming foam extinguishing agent based on fluorocarbon cationic–hydrocarbon anionic surfactants mixture system

Yang

Peng

Sha

et al. 2021

J Surfact & Detergents

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Fluorocarbon surfactants were the main components of aqueous film-forming foam extinguishing agents (AFFF). Unfortunately, the widely used fluorocarbon surfactant perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) was limited due to its toxicity, bioaccumulation and biodegradability. In this paper, an environmentally friendly quaternary ammonium cationic fluorocarbon surfactant with high surface activity and simple synthesis route was reported. The surface performance and aggregation behavior of the mixed solution of this fluorocarbon surfactant and sodium n-octyl sulfate were studied by means of surface tension meter and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The results showed that the synergistic effect of sodium n-octyl sulfate and this fluorocarbon surfactant was significant, and many vesicles could be observed in the mixed solution with the concentration of 0.1 mol/L under TEM. Subsequently, three environmental friendly AFFF formulations (F-1, F-2, F-3) were designed with the mixture of the fluorocarbon surfactant, sodium n-octyl sulfate and lauryl betaine BS-12 as foaming agent. Through its foam performance test, it could be seen that F-3 showed relatively excellent foam performance. The initial foam height h 0 was 70 mm, the 25% drainage time was 315 s, the extinguishing time was 28 s, and the burn-back time was 720 s. This kind of fire extinguishing agent had the potential of fire protection application.

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“…Work [17] suggests the use of cation-anionic surfactant mixtures with short fluorocarbon chains in both cationic and anionic surfactants. The authors examined the distribution rates of its aqueous solution on n-heptane, toluene, benzene, cyclohexane, and gasoline, which were positive, and investigated the film propagation, tightness, and foaming.…”

Section: Literature Review and Problem Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Establishing regularities in the insulating capacity of a foaming agent for localizing flammable liquids

Tsapko¹,

Rogovskii²,

Titova³

et al. 2020

EEJET

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Cationic–anionic fluorinated surfactant mixtures based on short fluorocarbon chains as potential aqueous film-forming foam

Cited by 30 publications

References 41 publications

The physicochemical and fire extinguishing performance of aqueous film‐forming foams based on a class of short‐chain fluorinated surfactants

The physicochemical and fire extinguishing performance of aqueous film‐forming foams based on a class of short‐chain fluorinated surfactants

Study on aqueous film‐forming foam extinguishing agent based on fluorocarbon cationic–hydrocarbon anionic surfactants mixture system

Establishing regularities in the insulating capacity of a foaming agent for localizing flammable liquids

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