Cation-defect-induced self-reduction towards efficient mechanoluminescence in Mn²⁺-activated perovskites

Abstract

Mechanoluminescent (ML) materials have shown promising prospects for various applications, e.g in stress sensing, information anti-counterfeiting and bio stress imaging fields. However, the development of the trap-controlled ML materials is...

Modulating Mn self-reduction and multimodal luminescence in CaSb2O6 through La3+ doping for quadruple-mode dynamic anti-counterfeiting and optical temperature sensing applications

“…From the low binding energy peak to high binding energy peak, they can be attributed to Mn 2+ 2p 3/2 , Mn 4+ 2p 3/2 , satellite peaks, Mn 2+ 2p 1/2 , and Mn 4+ 2p 1/2 , proving the presence of Mn 2+ and Mn 4+ ions in the studied compounds. 48 In addition, with the doping of La 3+ , the Mn 2+ area became significantly smaller, while the Mn 4+ area became significantly larger, which implies that the concentrations of Mn 2+ and Mn 4+ can be modulated by doping La 3+ in the CSO host lattice, thereby realizing the inhibited self-reduction behavior of Mn ions. This further validates that the doping of La 3+ can inhibit the self-reducing behavior of Mn in the CSO host.…”

“…Both processes are slow, which leads to long PersL. 48,59 Trap 3 and Trap 4, due to their deeper trap depths, are difficult for the trapped electrons to be released and transferred under thermal activation. Therefore, photo-stimulation or high-temperature heating is required to release the trapped electrons and transfer them to the luminescent center of Mn 2+ (path 1), resulting in the corresponding PSL and TL processes.…”

Multicolor Mechanoluminescence in Sr2Ga2GeO7: Pr3+ for Stress Sensing and Anticounterfeiting

“…As Pr 3+ ions concentration gradually increases, larger changes in the crystal field intensity may happen, which is evaluated using the crystal field intensity formula: [ 22 ] $$$$\begin{equation}Dq = \frac{{Z{e}^2{r}^4}}{{6{R}^5}}\end{equation}$$$$where D q is the energy required to split the ions’ levels within a crystal field, which presents the crystal field intensity. Z is the anionic valence state, e is the electronic charge, r and R are the radii of the dopant ion and the distance between the central ion and the ligand.…”

Optical enhancement of highly efficient organic–inorganic oxyfluoride red phosphors via the cation co-doping strategy

“…In order to determine the quenching mechanism of the Mn 4+ concentration in the [N(CH 3 ) 4 ] 3 MoO 3 F 3 :Mn 4+ phosphor, eqn (2) was used to calculate the critical distance ( R c ) between the Mn 4+ ions in [N(CH 3 ) 4 ] 3 MoO 3 F 3 . 40 …”