Cathodic chromium carbide coatings for molding die applications

Esteve, J.; Romero, Juan A.; Botero, Maryory Astrid Gómez; Lousa, A.

doi:10.1016/j.surfcoat.2004.08.064

Cited by 64 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…A similar di raction pattern is shown in [28][29][30][31]. e size of the crystallites, calculated using Scherrer's formula, in the coating is about 10 nm.…”

Section: X-ray Phase Structure Analysissupporting

confidence: 78%

The Adhesion of CrN Thin Films Deposited on Modified 42CrMo4 Steel

Łupicka

Warcholiński

2017

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

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Here, the e ect of adhesion of CrN hard coatings on modi ed 42CrMo4 steel substrate is presented. Modi cations of the substrate are shot peening, nitriding, shot peening, and nitriding joined process. In the shot peening process, two variable process parameters were used: exposure time (t) and air pressure (p). e nitriding process was conducted in the following parameters: nitriding potential N p � 4.86, nitriding time t n � 3 h, and temperature process T � 530°C. Modi ed substrates were characterized by surface hardness HV5 and hardness pro les on the cross section of samples and by surface roughness parameters. On such prepared substrates, the CrN coating was deposited. e adhesion of CrN coating on modi ed substrates was de ned by the scratch test. Chemical and phase composition of the lms was determined using EDS method and X-ray di raction, respectively. e surface hardness of deposited lms was also de ned. e substrate of 42CrMo4 steel without mechanical and heat treatment coated by hard CrN lm was used as a reference.

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“…A similar di raction pattern is shown in [28][29][30][31]. e size of the crystallites, calculated using Scherrer's formula, in the coating is about 10 nm.…”

Section: X-ray Phase Structure Analysissupporting

confidence: 78%

The Adhesion of CrN Thin Films Deposited on Modified 42CrMo4 Steel

Łupicka

Warcholiński

2017

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

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“…Both Vickers hardness (2300 HV) and nanoindentation hardness (23-29 GPa) have revealed high values, at the level of those previously reported for PVD Cr x C y coatings [50][51][52]. A great advantage of DLI-MOCVD Cr x C y coatings is that they are amorphous, without grain boundaries, while those deposited by other processes are polycrystalline.…”

Section: A High Hardnessmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…A great advantage of DLI-MOCVD Cr x C y coatings is that they are amorphous, without grain boundaries, while those deposited by other processes are polycrystalline. It is generally reported that crystalline chromium carbides coatings grown by PVD [51], cathodic arc evaporation [51] and electrodeposition [43] are harder than amorphous ones. Interestingly the hardness of our amorphous coatings is already at the level of these polycrystalline Cr x C y coatings.…”

Section: A High Hardnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromium carbide growth at low temperature by a highly efficient DLI-MOCVD process in effluent recycling mode

Michau

Maury

Schuster

et al. 2017

Surface and Coatings Technology

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OATAO is an open access repository that collects the work of Toulouse researchers and makes it freely available over the web where possible. This is an author-deposited version published in : http://oatao. The effect of direct recycling of effluents on the quality of Cr x C y coatings grown by MOCVD using direct liquid injection (DLI) of bis(ethylbenzene)chromium(0) in toluene was investigated. The results are compared with those obtained using non-recycled solutions of precursor. Both types of coatings exhibit the same features. They are amorphous in the temperature range 673-823 K. They exhibit a dense and glassy-like microstructure and a high hardness (> 23 GPa). Analyses at the nanoscale revealed a nanocomposite microstructure consisting of free-C domains embedded in an amorphous Cr 7 C 3 matrix characterized by strong interfaces and leading to an overall composition slightly higher than Cr 7 C 3 . The stiffness and strength of these interfaces are mainly due to at least two types of chemical bonds between Cr atoms and free-C: (i) Cr intercalation between graphene sheets and (ii) hexahapto η 6 -Cr bonding on the external graphene sheets of the free-C domains. The density of these interactions was found increasing by decreasing the concentration of the injected solution, as this occurred using a recycled solution. As a result, "recycled" coatings exhibit a higher nanohardness (29 GPa) than "new" coatings (23 GPa). This work demonstrates that using bis(arene)M(0) precursors, direct recycling of effluents is an efficient route to improve the conversion yield of DLI-MOCVD process making it cost-effective and competitive to produce protective carbide coatings of transition metals which share the same metal zero chemistry.

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“…Alloy nitride coatings have attracted interest because of their high hardness, high thermal stability, and good performance in corrosive environments. [1][2][3][4][5] These coatings can be applied to injection molding components. 6) In particular, injection molding dies must be non-sticking (have a low surface free energy).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Free Energy of Alloy Nitride Coatings Deposited Using Closed Field Unbalanced Magnetron Sputter Ion Plating

et al. 2006

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The sticking of product material to injection molding tools is a serious problem, which reduces productivity and reliability. Depositing alloy nitride coatings (TiN, ZrN, CrN, and TiAlCrN) using closed field unbalanced magnetron sputter ion plating and electrodeposition of chromium, and characterizing their surface free energies in the temperature range 20-120 C have led to the development of a non-sticking (with a low surface free energy) coating system for semiconductor IC packaging molding dies. The contact angles of water, diiodomethane and ethylene glycol on the coated surfaces were measured at temperatures in the range 20-120 C using a Dataphysics OCA-20 contact angle analyzer. The surface free energy of the coatings and their components (dispersion and polar) were calculated using the Owens-Wendt geometric mean approach. The surface roughness of these coatings were investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The adhesion force of these coatings were measured using direct tensile pull-off test apparatus. The experimental results revealed that TiAlCrN, CrN and ZrN coatings outperformed Hard-Cr and TiN coatings in terms of anti-adhesion, and thus have the potential as working layers for injection molding industrial equipment, especially in semiconductor IC packaging molding applications.

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Cathodic chromium carbide coatings for molding die applications

Cited by 64 publications

References 9 publications

The Adhesion of CrN Thin Films Deposited on Modified 42CrMo4 Steel

The Adhesion of CrN Thin Films Deposited on Modified 42CrMo4 Steel

Chromium carbide growth at low temperature by a highly efficient DLI-MOCVD process in effluent recycling mode

Surface Free Energy of Alloy Nitride Coatings Deposited Using Closed Field Unbalanced Magnetron Sputter Ion Plating

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