Cathodic and Anodic Protection

Abstract

The sections in this article are Historical Background Basic Concepts Principles of Cathodic Protection Current and Potential Distribution Potential Measurement Reference Electrodes Cathodic Protection Criteria Potential Criteria Kinetic Criteria Contemporary Trends in Cathodic Protection Criteria Determination of the Corrosion Current Under Cathodic Protection Conditions Direct Current Methods Alternating Current Methods Impressed Current Cathodic Protection Electrical System Cathodic Protection Stations Anodes Platinized Titanium Platinized Niobium and Tantalum Mixed Metal Oxides Conducting Polymers Carbon Backfills Anodes Installation Cathodic Protection and Coatings Cathodic Disbonding Field Testing of Insulation Case Study Sacrificial Anodes Zinc Anodes Magnesium Anodes Aluminum Anodes Backfills Shape and Dimensions of Anodes Installing Anodes Protection from Stray Currents General Characteristics of Stray Currents Sources of Stray Currents Electric Tractions High Voltage Direct Current ( HVDC ) Transmission Lines Cathodic Protection Systems Industrial Equipment Corrosion Caused by Stray Currents Hazard Determination Limiting Hazardous Interaction Preventive Activities Electrochemical Protection Cathodic Protection of Reinforced Concrete Structures Theoretical Principles Protection Criteria Reference Electrodes Anodes Extraction of Chlorides Realkalization of Carbonized Concrete Cathodic Prevention Other Applications of Cathodic Protection Alloy Steels Ships and Vessels Offshore Structures Process Plants Storage Tanks Power and Telecommunication Cables Electrochemical Protection of Water Installations Designing Cathodic Protection Systems Current and Potential Distribution in a Stationary Electric Field Transfer Resistance of a Spherical Anode Objects of Linear Symmetry Finite Difference Method of Electric Field Potential Determination Anodic Protection Theoretical Principles Scope of Application Characteristics of the Method Functioning and Equipment Operating Parameters Electric Systems Potentiostats Cathodes Reference Electrodes Polarization Method Protection Range Case Study Further Development of Electrochemical Protection Recent Developments Future Prospects

Graphite counter electrode modified Tropaeolin‐O photo‐sensitized photogalvanic cells for solar power and storage

“…54 The drawback of the metallic electrodes is their reduced lifetime owing to sacrificial nature which depends on their shape, dimensions, and the current extracted. Thus, the protection of the sacrificial electrodes can be realized by having suitable shape and size, polarized drainage or amplified electric drainage technology, 56 and stabilization perspective of the metal anodes for aqueous batteries. 54 Given this reported fact, the future researchers may also focus on the use of the alkali metals and multivalent metals (having suitable shape and size, and polarized drainage or amplified electric drainage technology for their protection), and platinized titanium as anode materials for improving the present TPO dye sensitizer and BAC based photogalvanics.…”

An overview of major methods for inspecting and monitoring external corrosion of on-shore transportation pipelines

“…73 Most EIS probes perform measurements around at OCP and share the same limitation as LPR when monitoring structures under CP. However, Juchniewicz and Jankowski 74 developed a method to calculate corrosion rates from the spectrum obtained by performing EIS around the structure's CP potential.…”

“…Although this method has been tested in soils with satisfactory results, 74 Jankowski 73 explained that when the electrode is under CP, the cathodic current is raised and the anodic current is reduced, making its accurate determination difficult.…”

“…73 Most EIS probes perform measurements around at OCP and share the same limitation as LPR when monitoring structures under CP. However, Juchniewicz and Jankowski 74 developed a method to calculate corrosion rates from the spectrum obtained by performing EIS around the structure's CP potential. Although this method has been tested in soils with satisfactory results, 74 Jankowski 73 explained that when the electrode is under CP, the cathodic current is raised and the anodic current is reduced, making its accurate determination difficult.…”