Catheter‐associated urinary tract infections: prevalence of uropathogens and pattern of antimicrobial resistance in a UK hospital (1996–2001)

Wazait, H.D.; Patel, H.R.H.; Veer, Vijay; Kelsey, M.C.; Meulen, Jan van der; Miller, Ronald; Emberton, Mark

doi:10.1046/j.1464-410x.2003.04239.x

Cited by 68 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…39 However, the longer the catheter is in situ, the more likely P. mirabilis is to colonize the urine. In patients undergoing long-term catheterization, it has been isolated from 44% of urine samples.…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Crystalline Biofilm Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The encrustation and blockage of long-term indwelling bladder catheters: a way forward in prevention and control

2010

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Objectives: To review the literature showing that understanding how Foley catheters become encrusted and blocked by crystalline bacterial biofilms has led to strategies for the control of this complication in the care of patients undergoing long-term indwelling bladder catheterization. Methods: A comprehensive PubMed search of the literature published between 1980 and December 2009 was made for relevant articles using the Medical Subject Heading terms 'biofilms', 'urinary catheterization', 'catheter-associated urinary tract infection' and 'urolithiasis'. Papers on catheterassociated urinary tract infections and bacterial biofilms collected during 40 years of working in the field were also reviewed. Results: There is strong experimental and epidemiological evidence that infection by Proteus mirabilis is the main cause of the crystalline biofilms that encrust and block Foley catheters. The ability of P. mirabilis to generate alkaline urine and to colonize all available types of indwelling catheters allows it to take up stable residence in the catheterized tract in bladder stones and cause recurrent catheter blockage. Conclusion: The elimination of P. mirabilis by antibiotic therapy as soon as it appears in the catheterized urinary tract could improve the quality of life for many patients and reduce the current expenditure of resources when managing the complications of catheter encrustation and blockage. For patients who are already chronic blockers and stone formers, antibiotic treatment is unlikely to be effective owing to the resistance of cells in the crystalline biofilms. Strategies such as increasing fluid intake with citrated drinks could control the problem until bladder stone removal can be organized.

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Section: Mechanisms Of Crystalline Biofilm Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The encrustation and blockage of long-term indwelling bladder catheters: a way forward in prevention and control

2010

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“…The prevalence of E. coli was quite similar to those reported in the above-mentioned two studies, while the prevalence of Pseudomonas spp. was higher than that reported by Wazait et al (2003). Wazait et al (2003) defined CAUTI as bacteriuria of > 10 3 CFU/ml of 1 or 2 organisms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…was higher than that reported by Wazait et al (2003). Wazait et al (2003) defined CAUTI as bacteriuria of > 10 3 CFU/ml of 1 or 2 organisms. Differences in the definition of bacteriuria might be responsible for the difference in frequency distribution.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…Some previous studies investigated whether the species of pathogens associated with CAUTIs and their antimicrobial resistance may differ from those isolated from patients without IUCs; however, the results were inclusive (Bonadio et al 2001;Wazait et al 2003). In addition, other investigations also reported that the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance might vary with certain patients' demographic characteristics, such as gender, age, and geographic region (Bonadio et al 2001;Gupta et al 2001a;Sahm et al 2001;Sotto et al 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Using data from a UK hospital laboratory from 1996 to 2001, Wazait et al (2003) estimated that the prevalence rates of E. coli and Pseudomonas spp. in catheterized patients were 26.6% and 10.8%, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Species and Antimicrobial Resistance of Uropathogens Isolated from Patients with Urinary Catheter

Liu

Woung

et al. 2008

Tohoku J. Exp. Med.

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A large number of hospitalized patients have an indwelling urinary tract catheter (IUC) placed at some time during their hospital stay and may suffer from catheter-associated urinary tract infections, the leading cause of nosocomial infections. Here we investigated the prevalence of uropathogens associated with catheter-associated urinary tract infections and assessed the resistances of these pathogens to commonly prescribed antibiotics. In total, 2,997 urine samples were examined at a regional hospital in Taipei, Taiwan in 2004: 1,948 (65%) samples from hospitalized patients and 1,049 (35%) samples from outpatients. Patients with IUCs accounted for 1,381 samples (46%). Stratified analyses were used to calculate the age-and gender-adjusted odds ratio (OR) of antimicrobial resistance associated with the use of IUCs. Compared to the urine specimens of the patients without IUCs, those isolated from catheterized patients had a lower prevalence rate of Escherichia (E.) coli (23.4% vs 36.8%) and higher rates of resistant strains including Pseudomonas species (16.4% vs 8.6%) and rare gram-negative bacilli (5.8% vs 4.5%). Additionally, IUCs significantly increased the antimicrobial resistance of E. coli (OR 2.41-3.07), other species of Enterobacteriaceae (OR 1.57-2.38), and rare gram-negative bacilli (OR 2.41-5.21) to nearly all antibiotics tested, such as trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Thus, IUCs increased the prevalence of urinary tract infections caused by some highly resistant pathogens. Moreover, IUCs were associated with the increased risk of concurrent resistance of Enterobacteriaceae. Clinicians are advised to exercise better management of urinary catheter in order to further reduce and control catheter-associated urinary tract infections in hospitals.catheter associated urinary tract infections; antimicrobial resistance; concurrent resistance; prevalence; nosocomial infection. Tohoku

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Overtreatment of Enterococcal Bacteriuria

et al. 2012

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Catheter‐associated urinary tract infections: prevalence of uropathogens and pattern of antimicrobial resistance in a UK hospital (1996–2001)

Cited by 68 publications

References 22 publications

The encrustation and blockage of long-term indwelling bladder catheters: a way forward in prevention and control

The encrustation and blockage of long-term indwelling bladder catheters: a way forward in prevention and control

Species and Antimicrobial Resistance of Uropathogens Isolated from Patients with Urinary Catheter

Overtreatment of Enterococcal Bacteriuria

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