Cathepsin G—Not Only Inflammation: The Immune Protease Can Regulate Normal Physiological Processes

Proteomic analysis of differentially expressed whey proteins in Saanen goat milk from different provinces in China using a data-independent acquisition technique

“…The protein BPI is a cationic protein with molecular weight of 55 kDa (Theprungsirikul et al, 2020) and has strong bactericidal activity against some gram-negative organisms (Gazzano-Santoro et al, 1992). CTSG is a serine protease (Meyer-Hoffert, 2009) that has a wide range of biological activities, including regulating functions and antibacterial properties (Zamolodchikova et al, 2020). delaCadena et al (1996 proposed that the activity of α-l-fucosidase in tumor tissue is lower than that in healthy mucosa.…”

Leveling Up the Controversial Role of Neutrophils in Cancer: When the Complexity Becomes Entangled

“…The neutrophils secrete several inflammatory, immunoregulatory and angiogenic factors, including NE [ 226 ], PR3 [ 227 ], CathG [ 228 , 229 ], MMPs [ 114 , 230 , 231 ], VEGF [ 53 , 232 , 233 , 234 ], Bv8 (prokineticin 2) [ 77 , 172 , 235 ], oncostatin M [ 236 ], IL-1β [ 231 ], TGFβ2 [ 237 ], BMP2 [ 237 ] and HGF [ 116 ], that modulate the tumor microenvironment and affect tumor growth ( Figure 3 ). The protumor function of neutrophils is also associated with the appearance of MDSCs that suppress T cell functions [ 47 ].…”

“…CathG and NE are involved in many physiological and pathophysiological processes and possesses both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory properties depending on the pathophysiological conditions [ 228 , 229 ]. CathG-and NE-mediated proteolysis can either strengthen or suppress the inflammatory responses [ 228 , 229 , 375 ].…”

“…CathG and NE are involved in many physiological and pathophysiological processes and possesses both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory properties depending on the pathophysiological conditions [ 228 , 229 ]. CathG-and NE-mediated proteolysis can either strengthen or suppress the inflammatory responses [ 228 , 229 , 375 ]. CathG and NE can deactivate receptors and cytokines involved in host defense and inflammation, including the LPS co-receptor CD14 [ 376 ], various protease-activated receptors (PARs) [ 377 , 378 ], thrombin receptor [ 379 ], TNFα [ 380 ] and cytokine receptors [ 381 ].…”

Assembling the Physiopathology Puzzle of COVID-19

“…Las citoquinas inflamatorias a su vez potencian la formación de AngII al elevar la producción hepática de angiotensinógeno y la actividad ACE1, y reduciendo la actividad ACE2 (26). Los neutrófilos además poseen enzimas como la catepsina G capaz de generar localmente AngII a partir de AngI (27). La AngII ha sido implicada en varias patologías como diabetes mellitus y esclerosis múltiple, pero de particular interés es la asociación con el ARDS en donde su elevación, junto con la reducción de la Ang1-7, se ha asociado a desarrollo de distrés y mayor mortalidad (28), así como su bloqueo o reducción se ha implicado en mejoría al menos en algunos estudios y modelos animales (29).…”