Categories and health impacts of intimate partner violence in the World Health Organization multi-country study on women’s health and domestic violence

Potter, Lucy; Morris, Richard; Hegarty, Kelsey; García‐Moreno, Claudia; Feder, Gene

doi:10.1093/ije/dyaa220

Cited by 90 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Psychological victimisation was a feature for all classes other than No-low victimisation (i.e., classes 2-5), and so identification of physical or sexual victimisation is likely to signal presence of psychological victimisation, too. This is consistent with other research on intimate partner violence (Ansara & Hindin, 2010;Bailey, Pavlou, Copas, Taylor, & Feder, 2018;Potter, Morris, Hegarty, García-Moreno, & Feder, 2020), and indicates that although young relationships takes place in a different context, for example, the individual is less likely to cohabit with their partner (Theobald, Farrington, Ttofi, & Crago, 2016), psychological victimisation can still be as pervasive.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Categories of intimate partner violence and abuse (IPVA) among young women and men: Latent Class Analysis of psychological, physical, and sexual victimisation and perpetration in a UK birth cohort

Herbert

Fraser

Howe

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background In the UK, around one-third of young people are exposed to IPVA by 21 years old. However, types of IPVA victimisation in this population (psychological, physical, sexual), and their relationship with impact and perpetration are poorly understood. Methods Participants in a UK birth cohort reported IPVA victimisation and perpetration by age 21. We carried out a latent class analysis, where we categorised IPVA by types/frequency of victimisation, and then assigned individuals to their most probable class. Within these classes, we then estimated risks of reported: 1) types of negative impacts (sad, upset/unhappy, anxious, depressed, affected work/studies, angry/annoyed, drank/took drugs more); 2) types/frequency of perpetration. Results Among 2,130 women and 1,149 men, 32% and 24% reported IPVA victimisation (of which 89% and 73% reported negative impact); 21% and 16% perpetration. Victimisation responses were well represented by five classes, including three apparent in both sexes: No-low victimisation (characterised by low probabilities of all types of victimisation; average probabilities of women and men belonging to this class were 82% and 70%); Mainly psychological (15% and 12%); Psychological & physical victimisation (4% and 7%), and two classes that were specific to women: Psychological & sexual (7%); Multi-victimisation (frequent victimisation for all three types; 4%). In women, all types of negative impact were most common in the Psychological & sexual and Multi-victimisation classes; for men, the Psychological & physical class. In women, all types of perpetration were most common for the Mainly psychological, Psychological & physical, and Multi-victimisation classes; in men, the Mainly psychological and Psychological & physical classes. Discussion In this study of young people, we found categories of co-occurrence of types and frequency of IPVA victimisation associated with differential risks of negative impact and perpetrating IPVA. This is consistent with emerging evidence of IPVA differentiation and its variable impact in other populations.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Categories of intimate partner violence and abuse (IPVA) among young women and men: Latent Class Analysis of psychological, physical, and sexual victimisation and perpetration in a UK birth cohort

Herbert

Fraser

Howe

et al. 2021

Preprint

Self Cite

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“…This further explains our analyses of dichotomized "any IPV": sexual identity was more predictive than sex because LGBQ-identified participants (especially females) tended to experience more nonphysical violence; whereas sex was more predictive of count/continuous measures because females tended to experience more physical violence than males. These results also demonstrate the information loss that can result from analyzing types of IPV separately without considering underlying structural relationships-perhaps especially when working with short-form scales (Ford-Gilboe et al, 2016;Potter et al, 2020;Yakubovich et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Measuring the Burden of Intimate Partner Violence by Sex and Sexual Identity: Results From a Random Sample in Toronto, Canada

Yakubovich

Heron

Metheny

et al. 2021

J Interpers Violence

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Debates on how sex, gender, and sexual identity relate to intimate partner violence (IPV) are longstanding. Yet the role that measurement plays in how we understand the distribution of IPV has been understudied. We investigated whether people respond differently to IPV items by sex and sexual identity and the implications this has for understanding differences in IPV burdens. Our sample was 2,412 randomly selected residents of Toronto, Canada, from the Neighborhood Effects on Health and Well-being (NEHW) study. IPV was measured using short forms of the Physical and Nonphysical Partner Abuse Scales (20 items). We evaluated the psychometric properties of this measure by sex and sexual identity. We examined whether experiences of IPV differed by sex and sexual identity (accounting for age and neighborhood clustering) and the impacts of accounting for latent structure and measurement variance. We identified differential item functioning by sex for six items, mostly related to nonphysical IPV (e.g., partner jealousy). Males had higher probabilities of reporting five of the six items compared to females with the same latent IPV scores. Being female and identifying as lesbian, gay, or bisexual were positively associated with experiencing IPV. However, the association between female sex and IPV was underestimated when response bias was not accounted for and outcomes were dichotomized as “any IPV.” Common practices of assuming measurement invariance and dichotomizing IPV can underestimate the association between sex or gender and IPV. Researchers should continue to attend to gender-based and intersectional differences in IPV but test for measurement invariance prior to comparing groups and analyze scale (as opposed to binary) measures to account for chronicity or intensity.

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“…(13) Combinations of types were grouped based on both the sample prevalence of different combinations, and existing literature finding variation in impact and mental health between such combinations. (14, 15) The categories of IPVA types analysed were: no victimisation, psychological victimisation only, physical victimisation (whether with or without psychological victimisation, no sexual), and any sexual victimisation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Establishing the causal role of intimate partner violence and abuse on depressive symptoms in young adults: a population-based cohort study

Herbert

Heron

Barnes

et al. 2021

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Background Previous studies have shown an association between experience of intimate partner violence and abuse (IPVA) and depression. Whether this is a causal relationship or explained by prior vulnerability that influences the risk of both depression and IPVA is not known. Methods and Findings We analysed data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children prospective cohort (N=1,764 women, 1,028 men). To assess the causal association between IPVA at 18-21 years old and logged depressive symptom scores at age 23, we used: i) multivariable linear regression, ii) inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW), and iii) difference-in-difference (DID) analysis, which compared the mean change in logged depressive symptom scores between ages 16 and 23 between those who experienced IPVA and those who did not. Women who experienced IPVA had on average 26% higher depressive symptom score after adjustment for measured confounders (ratio of geometric means 1.26, 95% CI 1.13 to 1.40). In men, the difference was 5% (ratio of geometric means 1.05, 95% CI 0.92 to 1.21). Results from IPTW analysis were similar. In the DID analysis, there was no evidence that being exposed to IPVA affected the change in depressive symptom scores over time compared to being in the non-exposed group for either women (difference-in-differences: 1%, -12% to 16%) or men (-1%, -19% to 20%). Conclusions Multivariable linear regression and IPTW suggested an association between IPVA and higher depressive symptom score in women but not men, but DID analysis indicated a null effect in both women and men. This suggests the causal origins of higher depressive symptoms in this young adult population are likely to reflect prior vulnerability that leads to both higher depressive symptoms and increased risk of IPVA exposure.

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Categories and health impacts of intimate partner violence in the World Health Organization multi-country study on women’s health and domestic violence

Cited by 90 publications

References 29 publications

Categories of intimate partner violence and abuse (IPVA) among young women and men: Latent Class Analysis of psychological, physical, and sexual victimisation and perpetration in a UK birth cohort

Categories of intimate partner violence and abuse (IPVA) among young women and men: Latent Class Analysis of psychological, physical, and sexual victimisation and perpetration in a UK birth cohort

Measuring the Burden of Intimate Partner Violence by Sex and Sexual Identity: Results From a Random Sample in Toronto, Canada

Establishing the causal role of intimate partner violence and abuse on depressive symptoms in young adults: a population-based cohort study

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