Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia as a cause of sudden death in athletes

Arias, Miguel Á.; Fernández-Guerrero, Juan Carlos; Herrador, Juan; Pagola, Carlos

doi:10.1016/j.ajem.2005.09.006

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Arrhythmias usually occur during exercise, as a consequence of increased adrenergic tone. 79,80 Prevalence of catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia is estimated to be 1:10000 in Europe, and it carries an extremely high mortality, reaching 31% under 30 years of age when left untreated.…”

Section: Primary Arrhythmiasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sudden cardiac death in the young: the bogeyman

et al. 2014

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Sudden cardiac death in the young is a relatively uncommon but marked event usually related to congenital diseases or anomalies. Despite the prevalence of each condition being variable, most common causes include primary myocardial diseases and arrhythmic disorder, frequently with inheritance pattern. Sudden cardiac death is usually preceded by symptoms, thus making personal and family history fundamental for its prevention. Nevertheless, in more than 50% of cases, sudden cardiac death is the first manifestation of the disease. In this review, we describe the different causes of sudden cardiac death, their incidence, and currently used preventive strategies.

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Section: Primary Arrhythmiasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sudden cardiac death in the young: the bogeyman

et al. 2014

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“…Commotio cordis is the induction of VF during the vulnerable repolarisation period of the myocardium due to a blunt, non-penetrating, usually high velocity, blow to the chest either from a small solid object,27 including a football28 or from contact with another player. Other cardiac causes of SCA include myocarditis, ruptured aortic aneurysm, aortic valve stenosis, mitral valve prolapse, dilated cardiomyopathy, drug-induced cardiac arrhythmias and the ion-channelopathies29 which include the long and short QT syndrome (caused by sodium or potassium ion channel genetic mutations), Brugada syndrome (defective sodium channel gene) and familial catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia30 (abnormal ryanodine receptor regulating calcium release). Non-cardiac causes of SCA include asthma, heat stroke, cerebral artery rupture and exertional rhabdomyolysis secondary to sickle cell trait.…”

Section: Causes Of Scamentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of the management of sudden cardiac arrest on the football field: Figure 1

2010

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Football is the most popular sport on earth. When a young, fit popular player suddenly collapses and dies during play, the tragic event is frequently screened and publicised worldwide. The reported incidence of sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) varies from 1:65 000 to 1:200 000 athletes. A broad spectrum of cardiac and non-cardiac causes have been implicated, and regular precompetition medical assessments are recommended as a preventive measure. Immediate cardiopulmonary resuscitation and early defibrillation is the treatment for SCA. High success rates can be achieved if this is initiated promptly, preferably within seconds of the arrest. Trained medical responders must be allowed to respond, ideally with a defibrillator (manual or automated) in hand, to a player who suddenly and unexpectedly collapses and remains unresponsive on the field. Immediate defibrillation of a pulseless ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation, within 1 to 2 min of onset, has a successful cardioversion rate exceeding 90%. Medical responders should be well trained and rehearsed in the recognition of SCA, including distractors such as seizures, myoclonic jerks and agonal (gasping) breathing. Prompt initiation of chest compressions on the field, together with early defibrillation, will result in many athletes' lives being saved by immediate implementation of these simple recommendations.

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“…The traditional approach to resuscitation using epinephrine does not work well in this group of patients and, in particular, those with catecholamine-sensitive cardiac disorders, which will be the majority of such cases. 11,12 Current resuscitation guidelines using epinephrine may be detrimental to patient outcome in this subgroup of pediatric OHPCA. Therefore, we believe this group of children should be given special consideration in future resuscitation guidelines.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Catecholaminergic polymorphic VT was the most frequently occurring underlying abnormality. 11,12 Four of the survivors with either CPVT or cardiomyopathy underwent Ablockade and insertion of an automated implantable cardiac defibrillator.…”

Section: Follow-upmentioning

confidence: 99%