Catechol Amines in Urine

Crout, J. Richard; Mckay, Donald K.; Dryer, Robert L.

doi:10.1016/b978-1-4831-9684-8.50012-0

Cited by 123 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The noncompetitive inhibition increases with increasing purification of the enzyme and with increased preincubation with pyrogallol [27]. The assay of catechol 0-methyltransferase is performed at 37 "C in a buffer of pH 7.9 for at least 10 min [27].…”

Section: Effects Of Pyrogallol On Catechol 0-methyltransferasementioning

confidence: 99%

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Involvement of the Superoxide Anion Radical in the Autoxidation of Pyrogallol and a Convenient Assay for Superoxide Dismutase

Marklund

1974

European Journal of Biochemistry

8,758

3,865

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The autoxidation of pyrogallol was investigated in the presence ofEDTA in the pH range7.9-10.6. The rate of autoxidation increases with increasing pH. At pH 7.9 the reaction is inhibited to 99 by superoxide dismutase, indicating an almost total dependence on the participation of the superoxide anion radical, 02.-, in the reaction. Up to pH 9.1 the reaction is still inhibited to over 90% by superoxide dismutase, but at higher alkalinity, O,.--independent mechanisms rapidly become dominant.Catalase has no effect on the autoxidation but decreases the oxygen consumption by half, showing that H202 is the stable product of oxygen and that H20, is not involved in the autoxidation mechanism.A simple and rapid method for the assay of superoxide dismutase is described, based on the ability of the enzyme to inhibit the autoxidation of pyrogallol.A plausible explanation is given for the non-competitive part of the inhibition of catechol 0-methyltransferase brought about by pyrogallol.Pyrogallol (1,2,3-benzenetriol) has long been known to autoxidize rapidly, especially in alkaline solution and the reaction has been employed for the removal of oxygen from gases.Molecular oxygen, carrying two unpaired electrons with parallel spins, has a preference for univalent reduction because spin restrictions arise when reduction with electron pairs is attempted [l]. The recently discovered enzyme superoxide dismutase [2] extremely rapidly dismutases univalently reduced oxygen 02.-, the superoxide anion radical (2 02.-+ 2 H + -+ 0, no saturation kinetics at the O,.-concentrations which have been feasible to produce [7] and hence induces a pseudo-first order dismutation of O,.-.The present paper describes studies of the autoxidation of pyrogallol under various conditions. The role of 02.-in the reactions was investigated with the aid of superoxide dismutase. The data obtained allotted suitable conditions for a convenient assay of superoxide dismutase. MATERIALS AND METHODS+ H,O,). The enzyme has proven to be a useful probe for studying the participation of the radical in reac-

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Section: Effects Of Pyrogallol On Catechol 0-methyltransferasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pyrogallol is a mixed competitive and noncompetitive inhibitor of catechol 0-methyltransferase [27,28]. The noncompetitive inhibition increases with increasing purification of the enzyme and with increased preincubation with pyrogallol [27].…”

Section: Effects Of Pyrogallol On Catechol 0-methyltransferasementioning

confidence: 99%

Involvement of the Superoxide Anion Radical in the Autoxidation of Pyrogallol and a Convenient Assay for Superoxide Dismutase

Marklund

1974

European Journal of Biochemistry

8,758

3,865

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“…Approximately 1 g of liver tissue was excised rapidly from each dog, rinsed in saline, wrapped in foil, and frozen in solid CO 2 . All frozen samples were stored at -70° C until assayed for NE by the method described by Crout (1961). PDE activity was determined by the method of Butcher and Sutherland (1962).…”

Section: Biochemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiotonic activity of amrinone--Win 40680 [5-amino-3,4'-bipyridine-6(1H)-one].

Alousi¹,

Farah²,

Lesher³

et al. 1979

Circulation Research

218

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SUMMARYThe cardiotonic activity of a new, noncatechol, nonglycoside agent, amrinone, waa investigated in vitro and in anesthestized and unanesthetized dogs. Amrinone (3-1000 /ig/ml) caused a dose-dependent increase in papillary muscle developed tension and df/dt without significant changes in duration of the contractile cycle or time-to-peak tension. Amrinone induced slight increases in right atrial rate with no changes in electrophysiological properties of the cat papillary muscle or dog Purkinje fibers. In anesthetized dogs, intravenous bolus injections of amrinone at doses ranging from 1 to 10 mg/kg caused increases in cardiac contractile force and left ventricular dp/dt max with relatively small changes in heart rate and blood pressure. No significant changes in lead II ECG were observed. In unanesthetized dogs, intravenous infusion of amrinone (10-100 /ig/kg per min) caused increases in left ventricular dp/dt max and only small changes in heart rate and blood pressure. Amrinone, tested orally in this model at doses of 2-10 mg/kg, produced a positive inotropic effect with a rapid onset and long duration of action. The inotropic response to amrinone was not blocked by propranolol, dibenzyline, chlorisondamine, atropine, metiamide, or reserpine. Amrinone's inotropic response was not associated with significant alterations in cardiac norepinephrine, phosphodiesterase, cyclic AMP, or Na + ,K + -activated ATPase. Ore Res 45: 666-677, 1979 A LARGE number of agents have positive inotropic effects on the heart. However, of these, only two classes of compounds have been found to be useful in the treatment of heart failure in man. The cardiac glycosides have enjoyed a valued position for nearly 200 years in spite of the fact that they have a narrow therapeutic range, and digitalis intoxication is one of the most common drug-induced adverse reactions in this country (Mason et al., 1971;Beller et al., 1971;Doherty and Kane, 1975). The catecholamines have limitations in that they are arrhythmogenic, are chronotropic, have a short duration of action, and cannot be given orally (Goldberg, 1968). Dopamine (Goldberg, 1974;Beregovich et al., 1974) and the synthetic catecholamine, amine dobutamine (Tuttle and Mills, 1975;Goldberg et al, 1977), both of which have been introduced recently for clinical use, suffer from most of the same drawbacks as the older catecholamines. Other inotropic agents, such as glucagon (Farah and Tuttle, 1960;Glick et al., 1968) has proved of value in the management of congestive heart failure (Cohn and Franciosa, 1977;Mehta, 1977).The development of an orally active non-catechol and non-glycoside cardiotonic agent has been the goal of this laboratory for several years (Alousi and Farah, 1975;Alousi et al., 1978;Farah and Alousi, 1978). Amrinone (Win 40680), a 5-amino-3,4'-bipyridine-6(lH)-one, is a novel chemical entity with rather unique cardiac inotropic properties Farah and Alousi, 1978). In this report, the action of amrinone on the heart is studied in several models, and in light of these res...

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“…The columns were made in Pasteur pipettes (5 mm inner diameter with a plug of glass wool at the constriction and filled with 100-200/zl resin. Alumina was prepared by the method of Crout (8). Dowex 50W-X8 (Bio-Rad Laboratories) was prepared either as the Na + or the H + form according to the manufacturer's instructions.…”

Section: Isotopic Incubationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of nerve growth factor in the development of rat sympathetic neurons in vitro. I. Survival, growth, and differentiation of catecholamine production.

Chun¹,

Patterson²

1977

The Journal of Cell Biology

200

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To study the effect of nerve growth factor (NGF) on neuronal survival, growth, and differentiation, cultures of dissociated neonatal rat sympathetic neurons virtually free of other cell types were maintained for 3-4 wk. In the absence of NGF, the neurons did not survive for more than a day. Increased levels of NGF increased neuronal survival and growth (total protein and total lipid phosphate); saturation occurred at 0.5 /xg/ml 7S NGF. Neuronal differentiation examined by measuring catecholamine (CA) production from tyrosine also depended on the level of NGF in the culture medium. As the NGF concentration was raised, CA production per neuron, per nanogram protein, or per picomole lipid phosphate increased until saturation was achieved between 1 and 5 /~g/ml 7S NGF. Thus, NGF induces neuronal survival, growth, and differentiation of CA production in a dose-dependent fashion. Neuronal growth and differentiation were quantitatively compared in the presence of the high and low molecular weight forms of NGF; no significant functional differences were found.

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Catechol Amines in Urine

Cited by 123 publications

References 20 publications

Involvement of the Superoxide Anion Radical in the Autoxidation of Pyrogallol and a Convenient Assay for Superoxide Dismutase

Involvement of the Superoxide Anion Radical in the Autoxidation of Pyrogallol and a Convenient Assay for Superoxide Dismutase

Cardiotonic activity of amrinone--Win 40680 [5-amino-3,4'-bipyridine-6(1H)-one].

Role of nerve growth factor in the development of rat sympathetic neurons in vitro. I. Survival, growth, and differentiation of catecholamine production.

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