“…Implementing the LID technique can minimize the negative impact of urbanization on runoff [25]. Urbanization triggers an increase in the impervious land surface, reducing the infiltration and groundwater flow and increasing surface runoff.…”
Section: Overview Of Lid Techniquementioning
confidence: 99%
“…LID practices should be implemented concurrently with improving drainage facilities for successful runoff management [8], [42]. Spatial distribution and placement of LIDs need to be planned effectively to obtain the maximum effect of reducing runoff volume [25]. Implementation of a combination of various LID facilities produces the best performance compared to their individual implementations [8], [28].…”
Urban areas are more susceptible to flooding and water body contamination due to the detrimental effects of urbanization. As a result, a sustainable urban drainage system, also known as low impact development (LID) technique, is required. Although this technique can be extensively applied, the planning and design processes are multi-dimensional, multi-variable, and site-specific, which must consider various local conditions and factors. Consequently, these processes can be very complicated and time-consuming for professionals, necessitating support from computer modeling. This study intends to thoroughly explore the idea of LID modeling, various available computer models, and other tools for its optimization and decision-making processes. The most recent trustworthy journal publications that addressed the subjects under discussion were reviewed. This paper used the descriptive and comparative approaches as the analytical methods. According to the findings of the review, Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) is the computer model in LID modeling that is most frequently employed. This model is a fundamental package for dynamic urban rainfall-runoff modeling, and it has the benefits of being lightweight, simple to use, and an intuitive user interface. Besides, this model is public domain (free to use), open source, and interoperable with many hydro modeling applications. A specific LID editor module is also included in this model for modeling different LID units. To acquire the best LID planning and design from multiple criteria and alternatives, it is also necessary to use metaheuristic algorithms as an optimization model and a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) model in addition to the rainfall-runoff model. The authors believe combining the hydrologic and hydraulics models integrated with geographical information systems (GIS), metaheuristic algorithms, and MCDM is the most comprehensive and appropriate method for LID modeling in urban watersheds.
“…Implementing the LID technique can minimize the negative impact of urbanization on runoff [25]. Urbanization triggers an increase in the impervious land surface, reducing the infiltration and groundwater flow and increasing surface runoff.…”
Section: Overview Of Lid Techniquementioning
confidence: 99%
“…LID practices should be implemented concurrently with improving drainage facilities for successful runoff management [8], [42]. Spatial distribution and placement of LIDs need to be planned effectively to obtain the maximum effect of reducing runoff volume [25]. Implementation of a combination of various LID facilities produces the best performance compared to their individual implementations [8], [28].…”
Urban areas are more susceptible to flooding and water body contamination due to the detrimental effects of urbanization. As a result, a sustainable urban drainage system, also known as low impact development (LID) technique, is required. Although this technique can be extensively applied, the planning and design processes are multi-dimensional, multi-variable, and site-specific, which must consider various local conditions and factors. Consequently, these processes can be very complicated and time-consuming for professionals, necessitating support from computer modeling. This study intends to thoroughly explore the idea of LID modeling, various available computer models, and other tools for its optimization and decision-making processes. The most recent trustworthy journal publications that addressed the subjects under discussion were reviewed. This paper used the descriptive and comparative approaches as the analytical methods. According to the findings of the review, Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) is the computer model in LID modeling that is most frequently employed. This model is a fundamental package for dynamic urban rainfall-runoff modeling, and it has the benefits of being lightweight, simple to use, and an intuitive user interface. Besides, this model is public domain (free to use), open source, and interoperable with many hydro modeling applications. A specific LID editor module is also included in this model for modeling different LID units. To acquire the best LID planning and design from multiple criteria and alternatives, it is also necessary to use metaheuristic algorithms as an optimization model and a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) model in addition to the rainfall-runoff model. The authors believe combining the hydrologic and hydraulics models integrated with geographical information systems (GIS), metaheuristic algorithms, and MCDM is the most comprehensive and appropriate method for LID modeling in urban watersheds.
“…Comparable results between the two dictate that it may be more cost-effective to construct lower sizes rather than maximizing the space for LID application. The selection of the optimal sizes and scenarios, however, is not solely based on its hydrological performance as other aspects such as imperviousness of the area (Le Floch et al, 2022), cost (Li et al, 2020;Rezazadeh et al, 2019), and water quality (Wang et al, 2018;Baek et al, 2020, Rong et al, 2022, may be significant to the planning process as well.…”
The widespread development in recent years has resulted in the expansion of impervious surfaces, allowing runoff to accumulate and cause flooding issues. To reduce the impacts of runoff accumulation, the concept of low impact development (LID) has been adopted to restore the hydrological balance of urbanized areas. The objective of this study was to assess the flow reduction of the LID combinations in a residential park in Cavite, Philippines using Stormwater Management Model (SWMM). The 90<sup>th</sup> percentile of historical rainfall from the years 1975-2019 was used in the assessment. The bioretention (BR), infiltration trench (IT), and permeable pavement (PP) LID controls, which captured 43%, 42%, and 14% of the park area respectively, were selected for implementation alongside their different combinations. Results of this study have shown that most LID scenarios reached their maximum reduction capability once it takes up around 20-40% of the total available area. The highest reduction, at around 90%, was attained by the BR+IT+PP scenario. The use of the PP scenario, however, only yielded a 20% flow reduction due to its small capture area. Implementing LID controls in urbanized locations can help in reducing runoff buildup, thereby alleviating the potential impacts of flooding.
“…NbS is an umbrella concept that encompasses a variety of relevant methods for managing stormwater, including best management practices (BMP) 9 , low impact development (LID) 10 , green infrastructure (GI) 11 , blue–green infrastructure (BGI) 12 , Sponge City Program (SCP) 13 , sustainable urban drainage systems (SUDS) 14 , and water-sensitive urban design (WSUD) 15 . These methods have been adopted to mitigate the adverse impacts of serious urban waterlogging and environmental problems in the context of climate change and urbanisation.…”
Nature-based solutions (NbS), including China's Sponge City Program (SCP), can address the challenges urban communities face due to surface runoff and flooding. The current capacity of SCP facilities in urban environments falls short of meeting the demands placed on communities by climate change. Bioswales are a form of SCP facility that plays an important role in reducing surface runoff by promoting infiltration. This study assesses the potential of SCP facilities to reduce runoff in urban communities under climate change using the storm water management model. The study site in Ningbo, China, was used to evaluate the potential role of bioswales in reducing runoff risks from climate change. We found that bioswales were most effective in scenarios when rainfall peaks occurred early and were less effective in right-skewed rainfall events. The overall performance of SCP facilities was similar across all climate scenarios. To maintain the current protection level of SCP facilities, bioswales would need to cover at least 4% of the catchment area. These findings from Ningbo provide a useful method for assessing NbS in other regions and indicative values for the increase in the bioswale coverage needed to adapt to climate change.
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