Catchment controls on solute export

Musolff, Andreas; Schmidt, Christian; Selle, Benny; Fleckenstein, Jan H.

doi:10.1016/j.advwatres.2015.09.026

Cited by 255 publications

(508 citation statements)

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“…In a large majority of situations (all three solutes in US-Agr, US-For, MEIS and HAUS, and NO − 3 in LS-Agr), CV C CV Q (Table 1), which reveals a biogeochemical stationarity termed "chemostasis" in previous catchments studies (Basu et al, 2010;Musolff et al, 2015;Godsey et al, 2009). Only SRP and DOC in the LS-Agr catchment exhibited a higher coefficient of variation than discharge (Table 1).…”

Section: Discharge and Concentration Variabilitymentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Second, to quantify the overall variability of discharge (daily) and concentration data (grab sampling), the coefficients of variation (CV) for both discharge and concentrations were calculated for each study catchment and for each year. The coefficient of variation, defined as the ratio of the standard deviation to the mean of a variable, has been used for the same purpose in previous water quantity (Botter et al, 2013) and water quality studies (Dupas et al, 2016b;Musolff et al, 2015;Thompson et al, 2011). Finally, correlation coefficients were calculated between solute concentrations and discharge and between pairs of solute concentrations.…”

Section: Discharge and Concentration Variabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carbon and nutrient export regimes from headwater catchments to downstream reaches

et al. 2017

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Abstract. Excessive amounts of nutrients and dissolved organic matter in freshwater bodies affect aquatic ecosystems. In this study, the spatial and temporal variability in nitrate (NO − 3 ), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) was analyzed in the Selke (Germany) river continuum from three headwaters draining 1-3 km 2 catchments to two downstream reaches representing spatially integrated signals from 184-456 km 2 catchments. Three headwater catchments were selected as archetypes of the main landscape units (land use × lithology) present in the Selke catchment. Export regimes in headwater catchments were interpreted in terms of NO − 3 , DOC and SRP land-to-stream transfer processes. Headwater signals were subtracted from downstream signals, with the differences interpreted in terms of in-stream processes and contributions from point sources. The seasonal dynamics for NO − 3 were opposite those of DOC and SRP in all three headwater catchments, and spatial differences also showed NO − 3 contrasting with DOC and SRP. These dynamics were interpreted as the result of the interplay of hydrological and biogeochemical processes, for which riparian zones were hypothesized to play a determining role. In the two downstream reaches, NO − 3 was transported almost conservatively, whereas DOC was consumed and produced in the upper and lower river sections, respectively. The natural export regime of SRP in the three headwater catchments mimicked a point-source signal (high SRP during summer low flow), which may lead to overestimation of domestic contributions in the downstream reaches. Monitoring the river continuum from headwaters to downstream reaches proved effective to jointly investigate land-to-stream and instream transport, and transformation processes.

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Section: Discharge and Concentration Variabilitymentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Discharge and Concentration Variabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon and nutrient export regimes from headwater catchments to downstream reaches

et al. 2017

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“…Note that these authors have referred to b~0 as "chemostatic," but we prefer "constant" because we reserve the former term for export regimes, which we define below as differentiated from C-Q patterns. Chemostatic export regimes have been observed for geologic weathering products such as Ca +2 , Mg 2+ , and K + [Godsey et al, 2009;Herndon et al, 2015;Musolff et al, 2015], as well as anthropogenically mediated solutes, such as NO 3 À and PO 4 À [Basu et al, 2010;Jawitz and Mitchell, 2011], and animalborne hormones [Gall et al, 2016]. In chemostatic export regimes, the coefficient of variation (CV) is low for C relative to Q, with CV C /CV Q ≤ 0.5 independent of slope b. Consequently, exported solute load variance CV L is dominated by discharge variance which reflects in CV L /CV Q~1 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chemostatic export regimes have been observed for geologic weathering products such as Ca +2 , Mg 2+ , and K + [Godsey et al, 2009;Herndon et al, 2015;Musolff et al, 2015], as well as anthropogenically mediated solutes, such as NO 3 À and PO 4 À [Basu et al, 2010;Jawitz and Mitchell, 2011], and animalborne hormones [Gall et al, 2016]. Note that measures of C-Q patterns and export regimes are not independent; e.g., a strong enrichment pattern as shown for dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the Lehstenbach catchment ( Figure 1b) cannot coincide with a chemostatic export regime [Jawitz and Mitchell, 2011;Musolff et al, 2015]. An example for chemodynamic export can be found in Figure 1 for NO 3 + in H.J.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergent archetype patterns of coupled hydrologic and biogeochemical responses in catchments

Musolff

Fleckenstein

Rao

et al. 2017

Geophysical Research Letters

137

201

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Relationships between in‐stream dissolved solute concentrations (C) and discharge (Q) are useful indicators of catchment‐scale processes. We combine a synthesis of observational records with a parsimonious stochastic modeling approach to test how C‐Q relationships arise from spatial heterogeneity in catchment solute sources coupled with different timescales of reactions. Our model indicates that the dominant driver of emergent archetypical dilution, enrichment, and constant C‐Q patterns was structured heterogeneity of solute sources implemented as correlation of source concentration to travel time. Regardless of the C‐Q pattern, with weak correlation between solute‐source concentration and travel time, we consistently find lower variability in C than in Q, such that the predominant solute export regime is chemostatic. Consequently, the variance in exported loads is determined primarily by variance of Q. Efforts to improve stream water quality and ecological integrity in intensely managed catchments should lead away from landscape homogenization by introducing structured source heterogeneity.

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“…Minella et al (2008) point out that the transport capacity of the channel may increase, and that the stream bed sediment is easily mobilized during runoff events with no eroded sediment from the catchment. Zumr et al (2015) and also Musolff et al (2015) show that a quick runoff response with no soil erosion on the fields is very commonly observed on cultivated catchments where subsurface runoff or tile drains are the dominant controls. The resuspension regime of the stream bed sediment and the connected nutrient transport depend on the characteristics of the stream, the hydrograph of the flood wave and the actual conditions of the channel (Peterson and Benning, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental determination of the flood wave transformation and the sediment resuspension in a small regulated stream in an agricultural catchment

Zumr

Dostál

Devátý

et al. 2017

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. This paper presents the methodology used for artificial flood experiments conducted in a small artificial, trained (regulated) channel on the Nučice experimental agricultural catchment (0.5 km 2 ), central Czech Republic, and the results of the experiments. The aim was to monitor the transformation of the flood wave and the sediment transport within the channel. Two series of experiments were carried out in contrasting initial conditions: (a) in September, when the stream banks were dry, the baseflow was negligible, and the channel was fully overgrown with vegetation; and (b) in March, when the stream banks were almost water saturated, the baseflow was above the annual average, and there was no vegetation present. Within each campaign, three successive flood waves, each with an approximate volume of 17 m 3 and peak flow of ca. 40 L s −1 , were pumped into the upper part of the catchment drainage channel. The transformation of the flood wave and the sediment transport regime within an approximately 400 m long channel section were monitored by measuring the discharge, the turbidity, and the electrical conductivity in three profiles along the stream. On the basis of the results, it was concluded that there is a considerable amount of deposited sediment, even in the well-trained and straight channel that can be re-mobilized by small floods. Part of the recorded sediment therefore originates from the particles deposited during previous soil erosion events. The flood waves initiated in dissimilar instream conditions progressed differently -we show that the saturation of the channel banks, the stream vegetation and the actual baseflow had a strong influence on the flood transformation and the sediment regime in the channel. The sediment moves quickly in winter and early spring, but in the later part of the year the channel serves as a sediment trap and the resuspension is slower, if dense vegetation is present.

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Catchment controls on solute export

Cited by 255 publications

References 50 publications

Carbon and nutrient export regimes from headwater catchments to downstream reaches

Carbon and nutrient export regimes from headwater catchments to downstream reaches

Emergent archetype patterns of coupled hydrologic and biogeochemical responses in catchments

Experimental determination of the flood wave transformation and the sediment resuspension in a small regulated stream in an agricultural catchment

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