“…Prior researchers have extensively studied the relationships between firm governance structures and environmental, social, and governance disclosures based on stakeholders, legitimacy, and agency theories (García‐Sánchez et al, 2022; Jain & Jamali, 2016; Jamali et al, 2008; Ntim & Soobaroyen, 2013; Tran et al, 2021; Zaman et al, 2022). First, the stakeholder theory researchers suggested that firms should initiate socially responsible actions and fulfill the demands of various stakeholders by not sacrificing the firms' objectives of increasing shareholder wealth (Apostu et al, 2023; Carroll, 1999; Donaldson & Preston, 1995; Einig, 2022; Panait et al, 2023; Valentinov & Chia, 2022). Specifically, based on stakeholder theory, several researchers determined that firms disclose provides more sustainability information to stakeholders when they have strong firm governance structures which include larger board size (Godos‐Díez et al, 2018; Masud et al, 2018; Pucheta‐Martínez & Gallego‐Álvarez, 2019), independent directors (Masud et al, 2018), regular and ongoing board meetings (Godos‐Díez et al, 2018), and directors who have foreign experience (Cuadrado Ballesteros et al, 2015), and an inclusion of female directors (Liao et al, 2015).…”