Catching balls: How to get the hand to the right place at the right time.

Peper, Lieke; Bootsma, Reinoud J.; Mestre, Daniel; Bakker, Frank C.

doi:10.1037/0096-1523.20.3.591

Cited by 238 publications

(324 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(98 reference statements)

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“…Even though this hypothesis has been much disputed in recent studies of the control of interceptive actions (e.g., Bootsma et al, 1997;Dessing, Bullock, Peper, & Beek, 2002;Lee et al, 1983;Montagne et al, 2001;Peper, Bootsma, Mestre, & Bakker, 1994;Savelsbergh et al, 1991), it must be the case that the specific characteristics of this task require a prediction, as control of the action is not possible after releasing the ball.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time-to-Contact Estimation of Accelerated Stimuli Is Based on First-Order Information.

Ripoll¹,

Broderick²

2003

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

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The goal of this study was to test whether 1st-order information, which does not account for acceleration, is used (a) to estimate the time to contact (TTC) of an accelerated stimulus after the occlusion of a final part of its trajectory and (b) to indirectly intercept an accelerated stimulus with a thrown projectile. Both tasks require the production of an action on the basis of predictive information acquired before the arrival of the stimulus at the target and allow the experimenter to make quantitative predictions about the participants' use (or nonuse) of 1st-order information. The results show that participants do not use information about acceleration and that they commit errors that rely quantitatively on 1st-order information even when acceleration is psychophysically detectable. In the indirect interceptive task, action is planned about 200 ms before the initiation of the movement, at which time the 1st-order TTC attains a critical value.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time-to-Contact Estimation of Accelerated Stimuli Is Based on First-Order Information.

Ripoll¹,

Broderick²

2003

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

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“…This means that the temporal aspects of the movement did not have to be differently tailored to the individual trials; the same general pattern of movement initiation (or urgency) could work on all trials. Had the timing requirements been different from trial to trial, say on the basis of speed of arrival, then an explicit timing aspect might have proven necessary, as has been assumed by Peper et al (1994) and Dessing et al (2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given these doubts, Peper et al's conclusions about the general nature of Figure 1. Top and side views of the lateral interception task developed by Peper et al (1994) and used by Jacobs and Michaels (2006). A ball on a string swings down and passes to the right of the catcher.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lateral interception II: Predicting hand movements.

Michaels¹,

Jacobs²,

Bongers³

2006

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

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D. M. Jacobs and C. F. Michaels (2006) concluded that aspects of hand movements in lateral catching were predicted by the ratio of lateral optical velocity to expansion velocity. Their conclusions were based partly on a modified version of the required velocity model of catching (C. E. Peper, R. J. Bootsma, D. R. Mestre, & F. C. Bakker, 1994). The present article considers this optical ratio in detail and asks whether it, together with a control law, predicts the (often curious) hand trajectories observed in lateral interception. The optical ratio was used to create a succession of target-position inputs for the vector integration to endpoint model of hand movements (D. Bullock & S. Grossberg, 1988). The model used this succession, initial hand position, and model parameters (fit to 60 trials) to predict hand trajectories on each trial. Predicted trajectories were then compared with observed hand trajectories. Hand movements were predicted accurately, especially in the binocular condition, and were superior to predictions based on lateral ball position, the input variable of the required velocity model. The authors concluded, as did C. E. Peper et al. (1994), that perceivers continuously couple movements to optics.

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“…This perspective shifts the attention from a perceptual account, based on the estimation of time-tocontact and the triggering of a preprogrammed movement with a fixed duration, to a more flexible dynamic account based on a continuous coupling of movement to information (e.g. Schöner 1994;Peper et al 1994;Dessing et al 2002). Of particular importance is that a continuously controlled action can be initiated on the basis of a critical value of an information source as well.…”

Section: Information Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Timing of goal-directed hitting: impact requirements change the information–movement coupling

2004

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In hitting, performers are found to adapt to the approach speed of the ball, i.e. they tend to initiate their movement at a shorter time before contact for faster approaching balls. A change in movement time is always accompanied by a change in movement velocity when the movement trajectory is kept constant. Hence, a fastapproaching ball might induce high impact velocity that is in conflict with low impact constraints, such as propelling the ball towards a near goal. In this study we investigated the capacities of participants to perform one-dimensional hitting movements in the frontal plane to balls approaching on a head-on collision course. The temporal precision (i.e. ball approach speed: 1, 1.5, and 2 m/s) and impact requirements (i.e. No-Goal, Near-Goal, and Far-Goal) were manipulated to examine the influence of task constraints on the temporal regulation of a stroke. The results showed that timing and speed were significantly affected by ball approach speed when the hit was not directed to a goal. In contrast, no speed-coupling and a constant time-to-impact strategy were found when impact velocity was constrained (i.e. aiming for a near goal). We were particularly interested in the nature and relation of information sources and timing patterns of movement initiation. Therefore, the relation between the time evolution of three optical sources related to the approach of the ball and the observed patterns of swing onset were evaluated quantitatively. The analyses revealed that a viable explanation for the two observed qualitatively different onset patterns of the swing is a regulation based on the absolute rate of expansion or a co-varying variable. The flexible adaptation of timing to impact constraints may be realized by an adjustment of the critical region of this optical variable.

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Catching balls: How to get the hand to the right place at the right time.

Cited by 238 publications

References 41 publications

Time-to-Contact Estimation of Accelerated Stimuli Is Based on First-Order Information.

Time-to-Contact Estimation of Accelerated Stimuli Is Based on First-Order Information.

Lateral interception II: Predicting hand movements.

Timing of goal-directed hitting: impact requirements change the information–movement coupling

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