Catch the Moving Ruler and Estimate Reaction Time in Children

Aranha, Vencita Priyanka; Sharma, Kavita; Joshi, Ruchi; Samuel, Asir John

doi:10.21088/ijmhs.2347.9981.2115.4

Cited by 20 publications

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“…A simple, less expensive measure of RT that can be used to replace computerized assessment is the traditional ruler drop test (RDT) and, although the RDT measures RT plus movement time, it continues to be an acceptable means of measuring simple RT (Del Rossi, Malaguti, & Del Rossi, 2014). The RDT has acceptable reliability and criterion validity (Aranha, Sharma, Joshi, & Samuel, 2015; Eckner, Whitacre, Kirsch, & Richardson, 2009), and RDT reliability in preschool children has previously been reported. In prior analyses of reliability using test–retest, descriptive results (i.e., mean [ M ] and ± standard deviation [ SD ]) for pretest and retest were 38.43 ± 7.86 and 37.56 ± 9.75 cm ( p = .264), respectively (Latorre Román et al., 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Reaction Times of Preschool Children on the Ruler Drop Test: A Cross-Sectional Study With Reference Values

et al. 2018

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Reaction time (RT) tasks assess several brain functions, and a slow RT can be due to various brain diseases, disorders, and acquired conditions. This study examined age and gender differences in RTs of Spanish preschool children on the ruler drop test (RDT) and presents norm-referenced results. Participants were 3,741 children (1,845 girls and 1,896 boys; mean [M] age = 55.93, standard deviation [ SD] = 11.14 months; M body mass index = 15.94, SD = 1.91 kg/m), selected from 51 schools in southern Spain. We measured RT with the RDT, and we collected both right- and left-hand data. We expressed normative mean RDT values of both hands according to gender and age in percentiles. Based on mean RDT scores, girls exhibited a poorer performance than boys aged 4 years ( p = .032, Cohen's d = - 0.122) and 5 years ( p = .001, Cohen's d = -0.194). For the whole group, RDT performance was faster with increased age, from the age of five years.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Reaction Times of Preschool Children on the Ruler Drop Test: A Cross-Sectional Study With Reference Values

et al. 2018

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“…RDM is simple and has good inter-rater reliability and it is a good–moderate validity method to assess the simple RT in school-going children. [911]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Motor cognitive processing speed estimation among the primary schoolchildren by deriving prediction formula: A cross-sectional study

Aranha

Moitra

Saxena

et al. 2017

Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice

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Objectives:Motor cognitive processing speed (MCPS) is often reported in terms of reaction time. In spite of being a significant indicator of function, behavior, and performance, MCPS is rarely used in clinics and schools to identify kids with slowed motor cognitive processing. The reason behind this is the lack of availability of convenient formula to estimate MCPS. Thereby, the aim of this study is to estimate the MCPS in the primary schoolchildren.Materials and Methods:Two hundred and four primary schoolchildren, aged 6–12 years, were recruited by the cluster sampling method for this cross-sectional study. MCPS was estimated by the ruler drop method (RDM). By this method, a metallic stainless steel ruler was suspended vertically such that 5 cm graduation of the lower was aligned between the web space of the child's hand, and the child was asked to catch the moving ruler as quickly as possible, once released from the examiner's hand. Distance the ruler traveled was recorded and converted into time, which is the MCPS. Multiple regression analysis of variables was performed to determine the influence of independent variables on MCPS.Results:Mean MCPS of the entire sample of 204 primary schoolchildren is 230.01 ms ± 26.5 standard deviation (95% confidence interval; 226.4–233.7 ms) that ranged from 162.9 to 321.6 ms. By stepwise regression analysis, we derived the regression equation, MCPS (ms) = 279.625–5.495 × age, with 41.3% (R = 0.413) predictability and 17.1% (R2 = 0.171 and adjusted R2 = 0.166) variability.Conclusion:MCPS prediction formula through RDM in the primary schoolchildren has been established.

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“…In this research, a 30 cm ruler was used. In this test, the lower score indicates lower reaction time and better performance [ 40 , 41 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examination and Comparison of Cognitive and Executive Functions in Clinically Stable Schizophrenia Disorder, Bipolar Disorder, and Major Depressive Disorder

Afshari

Shiri

Ghoreishi

et al. 2020

Depression Research and Treatment

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Background. Schizophrenia (SC), bipolar disorder (BD), and major depressive disorder (MDD) are associated with various cognitive and executive dysfunctions. The aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare cognitive and executive dysfunctions in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder. Materials and Methods. Sixty-four schizophrenia patients, 68 bipolar patients, 62 patients with major depressive disorder, and 75 healthy individuals participated in the present study. All participants were assessed with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID-I), Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), Trial Making Test (TMT), Four-Choice Reaction Time Task, Ruler Drop Method (RDM), Tower of London (TOL) task, and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task (WCST). Data were analyzed by chi-square, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, and independent t -tests; ANOVA; and MANOVA. Results. In the cognitive function, the scores of SC, BD, and MDD patients were lower than those of healthy individuals. Also, the scores of MDD patients were lower than those of other patients, and the scores of BD patients were lower than those of SC patients. In the executive function, the scores of SC, BD, and MDD patients were lower than those of healthy individuals. Moreover, the scores of the MDD group were higher than those of the BD and SC groups, and the scores of the SC group were higher than those of the BD group. Conclusion. Patients with SC, BD, and MDD have poorer cognitive and executive functions than healthy individuals, even when these patients are in a stable state. Assessment of cognitive and executive functions in SC, BD, and MDD patients can help in understanding the pathology of these disorders.

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Catch the Moving Ruler and Estimate Reaction Time in Children

Cited by 20 publications

References 0 publications

Reaction Times of Preschool Children on the Ruler Drop Test: A Cross-Sectional Study With Reference Values

Reaction Times of Preschool Children on the Ruler Drop Test: A Cross-Sectional Study With Reference Values

Motor cognitive processing speed estimation among the primary schoolchildren by deriving prediction formula: A cross-sectional study

Examination and Comparison of Cognitive and Executive Functions in Clinically Stable Schizophrenia Disorder, Bipolar Disorder, and Major Depressive Disorder

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