Catastrophic senescence and semelparity in the Penna aging model

Piñol, Chrysline Margus N.; Banzon, Ronald

doi:10.1007/s12064-010-0115-7

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…There are important consequences for adopting the continuous conception of parity as a starting point for modeling the evolution of different modes of parity. Mathematical models based on the discrete conception of parity often predict threshold values-in mortality rate, size at initiation of reproduction, or expected growth rate-that do not agree with empirical observation (Lessells, 2005;Omielan, 1991;Piñol & Banzon, 2011;Su & Peterman, 2012;Trumbo, 2013;Vaupel, Missov, and Metcalf, 2013). In particular, ESS models derived from assumptions rooted in the discrete conception of parity frequently underestimate the adaptive value of semelparous reproductive strategies; even after accounting for the effects of environmental stochasticity and density dependence, ESS models predict that semelparous strategies should be less abundant-and less fit-than they have been found to be (Benton & Grant, 1999).…”

Section: Empirical Support For the Continuous Conception Of Paritymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Early conceptual and mathematical models of optimal semelparous reproduction were generally simple and deterministic and were designed to predict a single “threshold” value that optimized life‐history characters such as size at first reproduction (Bell, ; Young, ). Threshold models of this type include senescence‐threshold models based on the Penna aging model (Piñol & Banzon, ), as well as development‐threshold models such as age‐structured life‐history models. Age‐structured models treat age at reproduction, and hence parity, as a discrete variable, and assess the evolutionary consequences of the degree of overlap between juvenile (i.e., prereproductive) and adult (reproductive) classes in a population (Wikan, ).…”

Section: Understanding the Evolution Of Parity As A Continuous Traitmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Between semelparity and iteroparity: Empirical evidence for a continuum of modes of parity

Hughes

2017

Ecology and Evolution

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The number of times an organism reproduces (i.e., its mode of parity) is a fundamental life‐history character, and evolutionary and ecological models that compare the relative fitnesses of different modes of parity are common in life‐history theory and theoretical biology. Despite the success of mathematical models designed to compare intrinsic rates of increase (i.e., density‐independent growth rates) between annual‐semelparous and perennial‐iteroparous reproductive schedules, there is widespread evidence that variation in reproductive allocation among semelparous and iteroparous organisms alike is continuous. This study reviews the ecological and molecular evidence for the continuity and plasticity of modes of parity—that is, the idea that annual‐semelparous and perennial‐iteroparous life histories are better understood as endpoints along a continuum of possible strategies. I conclude that parity should be understood as a continuum of different modes of parity, which differ by the degree to which they disperse or concentrate reproductive effort in time. I further argue that there are three main implications of this conclusion: (1) that seasonality should not be conflated with parity; (2) that mathematical models purporting to explain the general evolution of semelparous life histories from iteroparous ones (or vice versa) should not assume that organisms can only display either an annual‐semelparous life history or a perennial‐iteroparous one; and (3) that evolutionary ecologists should base explanations of how different life‐history strategies evolve on the physiological or molecular basis of traits underlying different modes of parity.

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Section: Empirical Support For the Continuous Conception Of Paritymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Understanding the Evolution Of Parity As A Continuous Traitmentioning

confidence: 99%

Between semelparity and iteroparity: Empirical evidence for a continuum of modes of parity

Hughes

2017

Ecology and Evolution

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“…For semelparous species, all bits above age R are set to one. In [25], we have demonstrated that this is not always the case. As T increases, the strength of selection decreases and more mutations are preserved in the genome.…”

Section: Nonzero Steady Statesmentioning

confidence: 86%

Stability in a population model without random deaths by the Verhulst factor

Piñol

Banzon

2011

Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications

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A large amount of population models use the concept of a carrying capacity. Simulated populations are bounded by invoking finite resources through a survival probability, commonly referred to as the Verhulst factor. The fact, however, that resources are not easily accounted for in actual biological systems makes the carrying capacity parameter ill-defined. Henceforth, we deem it essential to consider cases for which the parameter is unnecessary. This work demonstrates the possibility of Verhulst-free steady states using the Penna aging model, with one semelparous birth per adult. Stable populations are obtained by setting a mutation threshold that is higher than the reproduction age.

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Section: Empirical Support For the Continuous Conception Of Paritymentioning

confidence: 99%

Between semelparity and iteroparity: empirical evidence for a continuum of modes of parity

Hughes

2017

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The number of times an organism reproduces (i.e., its mode of parity) is a fundamental life-history character, and evolutionary and ecological models that compare the relative fitnesses of different modes of parity are common in life-history theory and theoretical biology. Despite the success of mathematical models designed to compare intrinsic rates of increase (i.e., density-independent growth rates) between annualsemelparous and perennial-iteroparous reproductive schedules, there is widespread evidence that variation in reproductive allocation among semelparous and iteroparous organisms alike is continuous. This study reviews the ecological and molecular evidence for the continuity and plasticity of modes of parity-that is, the idea that annualsemelparous and perennial-iteroparous life histories are better understood as endpoints along a continuum of possible strategies. I conclude that parity should be understood as a continuum of different modes of parity, which differ by the degree to which they disperse or concentrate reproductive effort in time. I further argue that there are three main implications of this conclusion: (1) that seasonality should not be conflated with parity; (2) that mathematical models purporting to explain the general evolution of semelparous life histories from iteroparous ones (or vice versa) should not assume that organisms can only display either an annual-semelparous life history or a perennial-iteroparous one; and (3) that evolutionary ecologists should base explanations of how different life-history strategies evolve on the physiological or molecular basis of traits underlying different modes of parity.

show abstract

Catastrophic senescence and semelparity in the Penna aging model

Cited by 8 publications

References 18 publications

Between semelparity and iteroparity: Empirical evidence for a continuum of modes of parity

Between semelparity and iteroparity: Empirical evidence for a continuum of modes of parity

Stability in a population model without random deaths by the Verhulst factor

Between semelparity and iteroparity: empirical evidence for a continuum of modes of parity

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