Catastrophic jump phenomena in a nonlinear control system

Energy harnessing and storage from surface switching with a ferroelectric electrolyte

“…Added to the latter idea is that both surface and bulk oscillations, including jumps, result from the same nonlinear equation. Therefore, catastrophic jumps 7 seem not to correspond to a phase transition but to relaxation oscillations.…”

“…However, not all the electrons tunnel back to the surface of the FETI, which manifested in the increased potential of the surface oscillation baseline. 6 Therefore, electrons will accumulate on the negative electrode until a catastrophic jump 7 up in the potential ( V ) takes place corresponding to resonance at the bulk level as observed. The battery cell self-charges while oscillating at multilevel (surface and bulk) for 200 h (ESI†).…”