Catastrophic Injuries in Pole-Vaulters

Boden, Barry P.; Pasquina, Paul F.; Johnson, Jan E.; Mueller, Frederick O.

doi:10.1177/03635465010290011301

Cited by 42 publications

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“…For example, the registry has tabulated 22 trauma-associated deaths with pole vaulting in this young age group, predominantly from head injuries when athletes fall outside the padded landing pit. 12 Although the precise number of at-risk competitors in this sport is unknown, the mortality risk associated with pole vaulting would nevertheless seem to be particularly high. Similarly, competitive cheerleading was associated with 3 trauma-related deaths.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…6 Most previous reports of blunt trauma that cause structural organ damage have been tabulated during relatively short time periods, often including early eras of risk or largely confined to nonfatal events in small cohorts, and in single sports. 5,[7][8][9][10][11][12] In addition, the risks associated with previous head blows and concussions have been the subject of substantial recent attention in the media and medical literature. [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] For these reasons, we believe it is timely to interrogate our large US national registry, assembled throughout 30 years, to assess the epidemiology and frequency of traumarelated sudden deaths in children, adolescents, and young adults aged 21 years and younger engaged in competitive athletics, compared with the incidence of those events caused by cardiovascular disease over the same period.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Epidemiology of Sudden Death in Young, Competitive Athletes Due to Blunt Trauma

et al. 2011

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WHAT'S KNOWN ON THIS SUBJECT:Fatalities caused by blunt trauma are known to occur in children and adolescents in a variety of circumstances, including while engaged in competitive in sports. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS:This unique national database provides a prevalence for trauma-related catastrophes in children, adolescents, and young adults aged 21 or younger; establishes the epidemiology of events for which football conveys highest risk; and provides visibility to underrecognized mortality risks associated with "second-impact syndrome." abstract BACKGROUND: Sudden deaths of young competitive athletes are highly visible events that have a substantial effect on families and communities. Recent attention has focused predominantly on cardiovascular causes, and less on traumatic organ damage. OBJECTIVE:To define the clinical profile, epidemiology, and frequency of trauma-related deaths in young US athletes. METHODS:We analyzed the 30-year US National Registry of Sudden Death in Young Athletes (1980 -2009) by using systematic identification and tracking strategies. RESULTS:Of 1827 deaths of athletes aged 21 years or younger, 261 (14%) were caused by trauma-related injuries, usually involving the head and/or neck (mean: 16 Ϯ 2 years; 90% male) in 22 sports. The highest number of events in a single year was 16 (1986), with an average of 9 per year throughout 30 years. The mortality rate was 0.11 in 100 000 participations (95% confidence interval: 0.08 -0.15). The largest number of deaths was in football (148 [57%]), including 17 high school athletes who sustained concussions shortly before fatal head trauma ("second-impact syndrome"). Football deaths were more frequent in defensive players, although the single most common position involved was running back (61% of offensive players). CONCLUSIONS:In a large community-based national registry, sudden deaths caused by blunt trauma in young athletes aged 21 years or younger were relatively uncommon with 16 or fewer per year, about fourfold less than cardiovascular deaths. These fatalities were most frequent in football, and an important proportion of deaths after head blows in high school football were associated with a recent history of symptomatic concussion. Pediatrics 2011;128:e1-e8 AUTHORS:

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Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

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Epidemiology of Sudden Death in Young, Competitive Athletes Due to Blunt Trauma

et al. 2011

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“…In 135 collegiate pole vaulters aged 20.6 ± 1.4 years, Rebella ( 2015 ) reported a quite similar injury incidence of 7.9 injuries per 1,000 athlete-exposures, with 15% of injuries leading to season-ending, although the majority of injuries lead to an average time-loss of 9 days (Rebella, 2015 ). But it is important to note that catastrophic injuries have also been described (Boden et al, 2001 , 2012 ). In other epidemiological studies on injuries in athletics, pole vaulters were included in the groups of jumpers making impossible the distinction of the specific injury risk and characteristics of pole vaulters (Watson and Dimartino, 1987 ; D'Souza, 1994 ; Bennell and Crossley, 1996 ; Edouard et al, 2011 , 2015a , b ; Jacobsson et al, 2012 , 2013 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomechanical Pole Vault Patterns Were Associated With a Higher Proportion of Injuries

Édouard

Sánchez²,

Bourrilhon³

et al. 2019

Front. Sports Act. Living

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Background: Pole vault is a highly demanding sport where many physical and technical requirements are engaged in performance process. Considering level of energy transferred from athlete's horizontal speed to the pole during pole bending, we can imagine that associated musculoskeletal tensions, in addition to trials accumulation, can increase the risk of (specific) injuries. Given the multiple morphological, physical and technical characteristics of vaulters and ways of pole vaulting, we can hypothesis that some patterns of pole vaults can lead to higher injury risk than others. Aim: To analyze the potential association between the biomechanical patterns of pole vault and the history of injuries. Method: We conducted a study over national-level pole vaulters including the prospective collection of pole vault biomechanical data during competition at the national elite indoor championship and youth national indoor championship (U17 and U20), associated with the retrospective collection of their injuries during the 12 preceding months through an online questionnaire. Results: Among the 88 pole vaulters participating in these championships, 62 (70.5%) accepted to participated in this study, and their pole vault biomechanical and injury data were collected. 77.4% reported having presented at least one injury during the 12 preceding months. One biomechanical parameter related to the takeoff phase (lower H2, i.e., height of the grip (superior) hand from the ground when the athlete subsequently took off from the ground) and some biomechanical parameters related to the terminal phase of the run-up phase (higher Spd [i.e., speed between 10 and 5 meters to the box), SL adj (last stride adjustment), SL var (stride length variation), t c (contact time)] were significantly associated with higher proportions of all injuries. Edouard et al. Pole Vault Biomechanics and Injuries Conclusion: Biomechanical pole vault patterns during the competition day were associated with a higher proportion of history of all injuries. Although the injury data collection was retrospective leading to recall bias risk, and do not allow determining cause-consequence relationships regarding biomechanical patterns and injury occurrence, this present study is the first to analyze potential association between the biomechanical pole vault patterns and injury occurrence, which is of great help to provide hypotheses/ideas to design future studies and to move forward into prevention measures.

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“…The risk of such injuries is increased because pole vaulters may fall from a great height. Boden et al 2,3 investigated catastrophic injuries in pole vaulters and reported landing risks. Those investigators found that increasing the size of the mat resulted in fewer catastrophic injuries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Injuries in Collegiate Track and Field Jumping: A 2-Year Prospective Surveillance Study

Enoki

Nagao

Ishimatsu

et al. 2021

Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine

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Background: Athletes participating in track and field jumping events (long jump, triple jump, high jump, and pole vault) are exposed to ground-reaction forces on the takeoff leg that are several times their body weight. This can cause injuries specific to such activities. Purpose: To determine the incidence of injuries in collegiate jumpers using the guidelines set forth by a 2014 consensus statement on injury surveillance during track and field events. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: A total of 51 jumpers between April 2016 and March 2017 and 54 jumpers between April 2017 and March 2018 participated in this study. All athletes were from a single college in Japan. Baseline information on athletes participating in the long jump, triple jump, high jump, and pole vault was collected at study enrollment. Practice and competition exposures were reported by the team trainer. Injury incidence was calculated as the number of injuries per 1000 athlete-exposures (AEs). Results: A total of 147 injuries were reported among 16,998 exposures (8.65 injuries per 1000 AEs). The most common injury locations were the posterior thigh and lateral ankle (17.0%), followed by the posterior foot or toe (12.9%); the most frequent type of injury was strain/muscle rupture/tear (21.1%). The most common injury for long jumpers was ankle sprain (23.3%); for high jumpers, flexor hallucis longus tendinosis (15.8%); and for pole vaulters, hamstring strain (13.2%). Conclusion: The overall characteristics are different for each event; therefore, injuries for each event need to be investigated.

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Catastrophic Injuries in Pole-Vaulters

Cited by 42 publications

References 1 publication

Epidemiology of Sudden Death in Young, Competitive Athletes Due to Blunt Trauma

Epidemiology of Sudden Death in Young, Competitive Athletes Due to Blunt Trauma

Biomechanical Pole Vault Patterns Were Associated With a Higher Proportion of Injuries

Injuries in Collegiate Track and Field Jumping: A 2-Year Prospective Surveillance Study

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