Catastrophic Injuries in High School and College Baseball Players

Boden, Barry P.; Tacchetti, Robin; Mueller, Fred O.

doi:10.1177/0363546503262161

Cited by 67 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(27 reference statements)

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“…Most of the available literature on severe injuries has focused solely on the high school population 6,[16][17][18][19][20] or catastrophic injuries [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] sustained in sports. Although previous researchers have briefly examined severe injuries in collegiate student-athletes in relation to overall injury patterns, we are the first to examine a large dataset of such injuries across multiple sports.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Typically, the contact that occurs is only with surfaces in the environment, potentially decreasing the exposure to common severe-injury mechanisms during participation. Unlike previous researchers, 18 we also explored specific injuries and observed that most severe injuries were ACL tears, concussions, and hamstrings strains. Thus, our findings emphasize the need for concurrent prevention strategies for multiple injuries, particularly those related to the lower extremity and the head/face/neck.…”

Section: Common Injuries and Injury Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Epidemiology of Severe Injuries Sustained by National Collegiate Athletic Association Student-Athletes, 2009–2010 Through 2014–2015

Kay

Gray

et al. 2017

Journal of Athletic Training

107

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academic years. Main Outcome Measure(s): Injury data from the NCAA Injury Surveillance Program were analyzed. A severe injury (1) occurred during a sanctioned competition or practice, (2) required medical attention by an athletic trainer or physician, and (3) resulted in at least 21 days lost from sport activity or a premature end to the sport season. Injury counts, proportions, rates per 1000 athlete-exposures (AEs), rate ratios (RRs), and injury proportion ratios were reported with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).Results: A total of 3183 severe injuries were reported, for an injury rate of 0.66/1000 AEs. Wrestling had the highest severe injury rate (1.73/1000 AEs), followed by women's gymnastics (1.40/1000 AEs) and football (0.97/1000 AEs). Overall, the severe injury rate was higher in competition than in practice (RR ¼ 4.25, 95% CI ¼ 3.97, 4.56). Most severe injuries were reported during the regular season (69.3%, n ¼ 2206); however, severe injury rates did not differ between the preseason and regular season (RR ¼ 0.98, 95% CI ¼ 0.91, 1.06). Common severely injured body parts were the knee (32.9%, n ¼ 1047), lower leg/ankle/foot (22.5%, n ¼ 715), and head/face/ neck (11.2%, n ¼ 358). Common severe injury diagnoses were sprains (32.9%, n ¼ 1048), strains (16.9%, n ¼ 538), and fractures (14.4%, n ¼ 458). Common severe injury mechanisms were player contact (39.3%, n ¼ 1251), noncontact (25.1%, n ¼ 800), and surface contact (12.0%, n ¼ 383).Conclusions: Severe injuries occurred across many sports and by numerous mechanisms. By identifying these sportspecific patterns, clinicians' efforts can be tailored toward improving injury-prevention strategies and health outcomes.Key Words: injury surveillance, injury rates, injury prevention Key PointsSevere injury rates varied by sport, event type, and sex. As patterns within specific sports are identified, health care providers can develop injury-prevention strategies and promote efforts such as rule changes to improve athlete safety.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Common Injuries and Injury Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Epidemiology of Severe Injuries Sustained by National Collegiate Athletic Association Student-Athletes, 2009–2010 Through 2014–2015

Kay

Gray

et al. 2017

Journal of Athletic Training

107

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“…[3][4][5][6] Although many of these changes are associated with reducing the incidence of injury related to player-to-player contact and noncontact, few researchers have examined injuries resulting from ball contact. Previous investigators have focused on ball-contact-related injuries as part of a cluster of all equipment-related injuries [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] or a mechanism of more catastrophic injuries 17 or in soccer-related discussions pertaining to heading and concussions 18 and surface type. 19 However, ball contact may be a common injury mechanism in sports with gameplay that focuses on a ball (eg, baseball, softball).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ball-Contact Injuries in 11 National Collegiate Athletic Association Sports: The Injury Surveillance Program, 2009–2010 Through 2014–2015

Fraser¹,

Grooms

Guskiewicz

et al. 2017

Journal of Athletic Training

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academic years.Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Setting: Convenience sample of NCAA programs in 11 sports (men's football, women's field hockey, women's volleyball, men's baseball, women's softball, men's and women's basketball, men's and women's lacrosse, and men's and women's soccer) during the 2009-2010 through 2014-2015 academic years.Patients or Other Participants: Collegiate student-athletes participating in 11 sports.Main Outcome Measure(s): Ball-contact-injury rates, proportions, rate ratios, and proportion ratios with 95% confidence intervals were based on data from the NCAA Injury Surveillance Program during the 2009-2010 through 2014-2015 academic years.Results: During the 2009-2010 through 2014-2015 academic years, 1123 ball-contact injuries were reported, for an overall rate of 3.54/10 000 AEs. The sports with the highest rates were women's softball (8.82/10 000 AEs), women's field hockey (7.71/10 000 AEs), and men's baseball (7.20/10 000 AEs). Most ball-contact injuries were to the hand/wrist (32.7%) and head/face (27.0%) and were diagnosed as contusions (30.5%), sprains (23.1%), and concussions (16.1%). Among sex-comparable sports (ie, baseball/softball, basketball, and soccer), women had a larger proportion of ball-contact injuries diagnosed as concussions than men (injury proportion ratio ¼ 2.33; 95% confidence interval ¼ 1.63, 3.33). More than half (51.0%) of ball-contact injuries were non-time loss (ie, participation-restriction time ,24 hours), and 6.6% were severe (ie, participation-restriction time !21 days). The most common severe ball-contact injuries were concussions (n ¼ 18) and finger fractures (n ¼ 10).Conclusion: Ball-contact-injury rates were the highest in women's softball, women's field hockey, and men's baseball. Although more than half were non-time-loss injuries, severe injuries such as concussions and fractures were reported.

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“…6 Short-term effects of shoulder injuries include pain and reduction in athletic participation, whereas long-term effects can result in lifelong shoulder pain, instability, and osteoarthritis. 7 Previous epidemiologic surveys of shoulder injuries in athletes have focused on their occurrence in specific sports, [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] the mechanics of shoulder injuries in repetitive throwing sports, [18][19][20][21] risk factors of specific body part injuries (including shoulder) in specific sports, 5,[22][23][24][25] and diagnosis of particular types of shoulder injuries. 6,[26][27][28] One previous study investigated all shoulder injuries among high school athletes during 2 academic years.…”

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confidence: 99%

Shoulder Injuries Among US High School Athletes, 2005/2006–2011/2012

et al. 2014

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WHAT'S KNOWN ON THIS SUBJECT: Shoulder injuries are common among high school athletes. These injuries, both traumatic and overuse, contribute to significant time loss from athletic activity. Understanding sport-specific injury patterns is critical for development of targeted injury prevention programs. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS:This study is the most comprehensive analysis of high school shoulder injuries to date, providing national injury estimates while examining injury rates, diagnoses, severity, and mechanisms of injury in 9 interscholastic sports. abstract OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to describe shoulder injuries in a nationally representative sample of high school athletes playing 9 sports. A national estimate of shoulder injuries among high school athletes was subsequently calculated.METHODS: Injury data were collected in 9 sports (boys' football, soccer, basketball, wrestling, and baseball; girls ' soccer, volleyball, basketball, and softball) high school athletes in this study sustained 2798 shoulder injuries during 13 002 321 athlete exposures, for an injury rate of 2.15 per 10 000 athlete exposures. This corresponds to a nationally estimated 820 691 injuries during this time period. Rates of injury were higher in competition as compared with practice (rate ratio = 3.17 [95% confidence interval: 2.94-3.41]). The highest rate of injury was in football (4.86) and the lowest in girls' soccer (0.42). The most common types of injury were strain/sprain (37.9%) and dislocation/separation (29.2%). Boys were more likely than girls to sustain their injuries after contact with another person or with the playing surface. Surgical repair was required for 7.9% of the injuries. Time loss from athletic participation varied among sports, with 40.7% of athletes returning within 1 week, whereas 8.2% were medically disqualified for their season/career. CONCLUSIONS:High school shoulder injury rates and patterns varied by sport and gender. Prospective epidemiologic surveillance is warranted to discern trends and patterns to develop evidence-based interventions to prevent shoulder injuries. Pediatrics 2014;133:272-279

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Catastrophic Injuries in High School and College Baseball Players

Cited by 67 publications

References 19 publications

The Epidemiology of Severe Injuries Sustained by National Collegiate Athletic Association Student-Athletes, 2009–2010 Through 2014–2015

The Epidemiology of Severe Injuries Sustained by National Collegiate Athletic Association Student-Athletes, 2009–2010 Through 2014–2015

Ball-Contact Injuries in 11 National Collegiate Athletic Association Sports: The Injury Surveillance Program, 2009–2010 Through 2014–2015

Shoulder Injuries Among US High School Athletes, 2005/2006–2011/2012

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