Catastrophic flooding from Glacial Lake Wisconsin

Clayton, Jordan A.; Knox, James C.

doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2007.03.006

Cited by 30 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…15), records the catastrophic flood that resulted from the sudden drainage of Lake Wisconsin into Lake Merrimac. Sediment of the Alloa delta, as observed by Bretz (1950) in a gravel pit, display "foresets of extraordinary open-work coarse gravel" that dip southward and contains boulders as large as 1.5 m in diameter (Clayton and Attig, 1989;Clayton and Knox, 2008).…”

Section: The Alloa Floodmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…15), the water level in the Lewiston Basin might have dropped over 30 m in only a few days (Clayton and Attig, 1989). Clayton and Knox (2008) estimate that the breach and resulting catastrophic flood may have drained Lake Wisconsin in about a week. The initial flood down the Wisconsin River involved a catastrophic discharge from the Lewiston basin that was manifested further downstream, as evidenced by large boulders of Baraboo quartzite downstream near Sauk City, the scouring of loess deposits, and intense erosion of terrace deposits (Clayton and Attig, 1989;Hooyer et al, 2004).…”

Section: The Alloa Floodmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The initial flood down the Wisconsin River involved a catastrophic discharge from the Lewiston basin that was manifested further downstream, as evidenced by large boulders of Baraboo quartzite downstream near Sauk City, the scouring of loess deposits, and intense erosion of terrace deposits (Clayton and Attig, 1989;Hooyer et al, 2004). Clayton and Knox (2008) attribute the stair-step terraces in the lower Wisconsin River valley, downstream from Lake Merrimac, to episodic downcutting associated with the initial flood of Lake Wisconsin and subsequent smaller events from the same or nearby proglacial lakes.…”

Section: The Alloa Floodmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…12A) that existed from approximately 19,000 to 14,000 years ago. Lake Wisconsin probably came into existence when the Green Bay Lobe reached the Baraboo Hills approximately 19,000 years ago during the Wyeville Phase, blocking the south-flowing Wisconsin River and causing water to back up and form the large proglacial lake (Clayton and Attig, 1989;Hooyer et al, 2004;Attig, 2007;Clayton and Knox, 2008). During its existence, Lake Wisconsin occupied several interconnected basins (Figs.…”

Section: Lake Wisconsinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…15), the ice dam was breached and resulted in catastrophic drainage of Lake Wisconsin into Lake Merrimac (Clayton and Attig, 1989;Hooyer et al, 2004;Attig, 2007;Clayton and Knox, 2008). When water first flowed through the Alloa Outlet (Fig.…”

Section: The Alloa Floodmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Remote sensing and GIS investigation of glacial features in the region of Devil's Lake State Park, South-Central Wisconsin, USA

Lytwyn

2010

Geomorphology

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Section: The Alloa Floodmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: The Alloa Floodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Alloa Floodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Lake Wisconsinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Alloa Floodmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Remote sensing and GIS investigation of glacial features in the region of Devil's Lake State Park, South-Central Wisconsin, USA

Lytwyn

2010

Geomorphology

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Digital landscapes of deglaciation: identifying Late Quaternary glacial lake outburst floods using LiDAR

Thorndycraft

Cripps

Eades

2015

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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High resolution DEMs obtained from LiDAR topographic data have led to improved landform inventories (e.g. landslides and fault scarps) and understanding of geomorphic event frequency. Here we use airborne LiDAR mapping to investigate meltwater pathways associated with the Tweed Valley palaeo ice-stream (UK). In particular we focus on a gorge downstream of Palaeolake Milfield, previously mapped as a sub-glacial meltwater channel, where the identification of abandoned headcut channels, run-up bars, rock-cut terrace surfaces and eddy flow features attest to formation by a sub-aerial glacial lake outburst flood (GLOF) caused by breaching of a sediment dam, likely an esker ridge. Mapping of these landforms combined with analysis of the gorge rim elevations and cross-section variability revealed a two phase event with another breach site downstream following flow blockage by higher elevation drumlin topography. We estimate the magnitude of peak flow to be 1-3 × 10 3 m 3 /s, duration of the event to range from 16-155 days, and a specific sediment yield of 10 7 -10 9 m 3 /km 2 /yr. We identified other outburst pathways in the lower Tweed basin that help delineate an ice margin position of the retreating Tweed Valley ice stream. The results suggest that low magnitude outburst floods are under-represented in Quaternary geomorphological maps. We therefore recommend regional LiDAR mapping of meltwater pathways to identify other GLOFs in order to better quantify the pattern of freshwater and sediment fluxes from melting ice sheets to oceans. Despite the relatively low magnitude of the Till outburst event, it had a significant impact on the landscape development of the lower Tweed Valley through the creation of a new tributary pathway and triggering of rapid knickpoint retreat encouraging new regional models of post-glacial fluvial landscape response.

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Speciation in Cisco with Emphasis on Secondary Contacts, Plasticity, and Hybridization

Eshenroder

Jacobson

2020

Trans Am Fish Soc

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The Cisco Coregonus artedi is a planktivorous fish that is widely distributed in lakes across glaciated areas of North America. With retreat of Laurentide ice, Cisco dispersed from refugia into a vast network of meltwater (proglacial) lakes that eventually receded, stranding populations in depressions-today's lakes. Refugial populations also colonized lakes that fell outside of the footprint of a proglacial lake. These two types of Cisco lakes, those inside the footprint of a proglacial lake and those outside the footprint, though uncounted, number in the high hundreds or more. All 53 lakes reported to contain sympatric forms of Cisco occur in previously inundated lakes; no sympatric forms occur in lakes that were not inundated. We reviewed Laurentide zoogeography to assess whether secondary contacts in the proglacial lakes were extensive enough to account for the distribution of sympatric lakes. We concluded that secondary contacts had been more extensive in the proglacial lakes than detected in genetic studies of Cisco. We inferred that secondary contacts in the proglacial lakes resulted in more plastic, diverse phenotypes than were found in lakes not inundated and that these phenotypes were more capable of divergence than were phenotypes inhabiting lakes not inundated. Secondary contacts in the proglacial lakes appear to have been limited to shallow-water forms of Cisco. Deepwater forms likely did not evolve until after the proglacial lakes receded, as meltwater appears to have been trophically unsuitable for pelagic fishes like Cisco. Cisco are assumed to have colonized meltwater lakes by "hopscotching" between inlets, thereby avoiding prolonged existence in meltwater. Sympatric populations of Cisco are rare in comparison with the number of allopatric populations, even in inundated lakes, indicating that divergence occurs under specialized conditions. Canalization appears to have diminished the evolvability of contemporary forms as compared to their ancestors. Hybridization within Cisco species pairs appears to be the norm and is aggravated by anthropogenically induced events.

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Catastrophic flooding from Glacial Lake Wisconsin

Cited by 30 publications

References 32 publications

Remote sensing and GIS investigation of glacial features in the region of Devil's Lake State Park, South-Central Wisconsin, USA

Remote sensing and GIS investigation of glacial features in the region of Devil's Lake State Park, South-Central Wisconsin, USA

Digital landscapes of deglaciation: identifying Late Quaternary glacial lake outburst floods using LiDAR

Speciation in Cisco with Emphasis on Secondary Contacts, Plasticity, and Hybridization

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