Catastrophic flood sediments in Chryse Basin, Mars, and Quincy Basin, Washington: Application of sandar facies model

Rice, J. W.; Edgett, K. S.

doi:10.1029/96je02824

Cited by 56 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 76 publications

(57 reference statements)

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“…The last three zones of the experimental morphology described above are consistent with the Sandur facies of glacial outburst floods which are often considered as an analog for the Martian outflow channels [ Rice and Edgett , ]. Since the entire range of features from upstream to downstream and from incision to deposition are present, we are confident that all main morphological features are present and consistent in our experiments.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Pressurized groundwater outflow experiments and numerical modeling for outflow channels on Mars

et al. 2014

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The landscape of Mars shows incised channels that often appear abruptly in the landscape, suggesting a groundwater source. However, groundwater outflow processes are unable to explain the reconstructed peak discharges of the largest outflow channels based on their morphology. Therefore, there is a disconnect between groundwater outflow processes and the resulting morphology. Using a combined approach with experiments and numerical modeling, we examine outflow processes that result from pressurized groundwater. We use a large sandbox flume, where we apply a range of groundwater pressures at the base of a layer of sediment. Our experiments show that different pressures result in distinct outflow processes and resulting morphologies. Low groundwater pressure results in seepage, forming a shallow surface lake and a channel when the lake overflows. At intermediate groundwater pressures, fissures form and groundwater flows out more rapidly. At even higher pressures, the groundwater initially collects in a subsurface reservoir that grows due to flexural deformation of the surface. When this reservoir collapses, a large volume of water is released to the surface. We numerically model the ability of these processes to produce floods on Mars and compare the results to discharge estimates based on previous morphological studies. We show that groundwater seepage and fissure outflow are insufficient to explain the formation of large outflow channels from a single event. Instead, formation of a flexure‐induced subsurface reservoir and subsequent collapse generates large floods that can explain the observed morphologies of the largest outflow channels on Mars and their source areas.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Pressurized groundwater outflow experiments and numerical modeling for outflow channels on Mars

et al. 2014

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“…Discussion: braided-river sedimentation versus outwash-plain sedimentation Sandar are commonly regarded as a special type of alluvial fan (Boothroyd & Ashley 1975;Church & Gilbert 1975;Cherven 1984;Landvik & Mangerud 1985;Smith 1985;Dawson & Bryant 1987;Maizels 1993;Rice & Edgett 1997). In contrast, we found several fundamental aspects in which the deposits constituting the Polish sandar differ from those forming alluvial fans, but are consistent with braided-system deposits.…”

Section: A Model Of the Sequences And Cyclessupporting

confidence: 57%

Pleistocene sandur deposits represent braidplains, not alluvial fans

Zieliński

Loon²

2003

Boreas

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2003 (December): Pleistocene sandur deposits represent braidplains, not alluvial fans. Boreas, Vol. 32, pp. 590-611. Oslo. ISSN 0300-9483.Weichselian sandar in NE Poland show characteristics that are inconsistent with the commonly accepted alluvialfan-like model for outwash deposition and sandur formation. Analysis of the lithofacies and their vertical and lateral transitions indicates that the Polish sandar developed as braidplains, not as alluvial fans. Analysis of the geomorphic conditions under which modern sandar form, indicates that these conditions (which are characterized by deposition in a narrow belt between ice-covered mountain ranges and the sea) cannot be considered representative of those that prevailed in the geological past when sandar developed as braidplains in confined valleys, to end up in a lowland area where the deposits could spread out further in lateral directions. The latter conditions have been found consistently for all Polish Weichselian sandar that were investigated in much sedimentological detail. This raises the question whether sandar are alluvial fans or not. Because the development of the sandar in NE Poland seems to be much more representative for outwash deposition than the present-day sandar in Iceland and elsewhere, the current alluvial-fan-like sandur model -based on the fairly exceptional present-day situation with deposition in a narrow belt -should therefore be replaced by the braidplain-like sandur model -based on deposition in a valley and in a wider lowland area in front -that has been established for the Polish examples.

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“…Similarities between Earth and Mars outflow channels were identified in the early 1970s (Baker and Milton, 1974) and have been actively compared since then (Masursky et al, 1977;Carr, 1979;Komar, 1979;Malin and Eppler, 1981;Rotto and Tanaka, 1991;Rice and Edgett, 1997;Anguita et al, 2000;Malin and Edgett, 2000;Williams et al, 2000;Carling et al, 2003;Burr et al, 2004;Manga, 2004;Coleman, 2005;Gupta et al, 2005;Baker, 2009;Carling et al, 2009). The primary difference is that Mars' fluvial features are generally much larger than those on Earth.…”

Section: Applicability To Mars Fluvial Processesmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Two field sites were initially chosen, Eddy Narrows, Montana, which is the conduit for all Pleistocene Glacial Lake Missoula (GLM) floodwaters on its way through the Channeled Scablands of the pacific northwestern United States (Pardee, 1942;Alt, 2001), and Jökulsá á Fjöllum channel in Iceland, which has experienced episodic jökulhlaups over recent geologic time (Saemundsson, 1973;Björnsson, 2002;Waitt, 2002;Carrivick et al, 2004a,b;Alho et al, 2005;Björnsson, 2009). Each site was previously hydraulically modeled and its fluvial geomorphology described in the field and subsequently compared to Mars outflow channels (Baker and Milton, 1974;Malin and Eppler, 1981;Rice and Edgett, 1997). The focus of our paper is on Iceland hydraulic modeling results validated by new field evidence and to offer a model to apply to Mars fluvial systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field evidence and hydraulic modeling of a large Holocene jökulhlaup at Jökulsá á Fjöllum channel, Iceland

2012

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Catastrophic flood sediments in Chryse Basin, Mars, and Quincy Basin, Washington: Application of sandar facies model

Cited by 56 publications

References 76 publications

Pressurized groundwater outflow experiments and numerical modeling for outflow channels on Mars

Pressurized groundwater outflow experiments and numerical modeling for outflow channels on Mars

Pleistocene sandur deposits represent braidplains, not alluvial fans

Field evidence and hydraulic modeling of a large Holocene jökulhlaup at Jökulsá á Fjöllum channel, Iceland

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