“…It can be argued that one explanation for this may be lack of utilization by those in low‐income levels, so actually, they are excluded from the cycle of receiving services, and higher income households can use healthcare services, and consequently, they are more likely to face catastrophic health expenditures. This issue was also mentioned in a study conducted by Rashad et al in Egypt, Jordan, and Palestine . Results of a study in Malaysia showed that although urban households in Kuala Lumpur are richer than those in rural areas, they are at a higher rate of exposure to catastrophic expenditures resulted from hospitalization because of rotavirus gastroenteritis; this is because of the development of the desirable primary healthcare network in rural areas and the possibility for the utilization of healthcare services with lower direct and indirect costs for rural households, compared to urban households.…”