In the 19th century, the Industrial Revolution brought major changes to the environment as industrialization and urbanization accelerated. These changes will have a serious impact on the natural environment and human life. At present, how to mitigate environmental changes has become a problem that needs to be faced directly. This paper mainly studies the main causes of environmental change and puts forward corresponding countermeasures, and thus concludes that the main causes of environmental change include climate change caused by soil erosion and greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, it is very necessary to carry out sustainable development. The whole world should work together to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to slow down climate change, switch from fossil fuels to renewable energy, improve energy efficiency and reduce deforestation to reduce soil erosion. Ultimately, by working together across society to address environmental change and sustainability, with the right policies, technologies, and social changes, we can create a more sustainable future for the planet and its inhabitants.