Cataract Surgery and Customized Toric Intraocular Lens Implantation in Patients with Cataract and High Astigmatism After Penetrating Keratoplasty

Abstract

One of the most important refractive problems following penetrating keratoplasty (PK) is astigmatism. Despite a clear graft, post-PK high astigmatism may significantly deteriorate the refractive outcomes.Studies have reported regular astigmatism in 24% and irregular astigmatism in 72% after PK. 1 One study revealed that cylindrical refractive errors more than 3-4 diopters were not tolerated by patients and