Cataphoresis and the Electrical Neutralization of Colloidal Material.

Mattson, Sante

doi:10.1021/j150292a011

Cited by 74 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…When added to water, aluminum and iron salts dissociate and react to yield hydrolysis products. As first evidenced by Mattson in 1928, these hydrolysis products form the coagulant species that remove turbidity and color during water treatment [1]. Recent 27 Al Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), Fe K-edge Extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (EXAFS), and Small Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) investigations, have partly unravelled the complex aqueous chemistry of aluminum-based and iron-based coagulants [2], [3], [4], [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Clarification of municipal sewage with ferric chloride: the nature of coagulant species

Samrani¹,

Lartiges²,

Montargès-Pelletier³

et al. 2004

Water Research

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The nature of coagulant species formed in the system ferric chloride/municipal sewage was explored with Transmission Electron Microscopy coupled with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (TEM-EDXS) and Fe K-edge X-ray Absorption spectroscopy. Jar-test data combined with chemical analysis of supernatant (dissolved organic carbon, iron, and phosphorus) and Fourier-Transform-Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) of freeze-dried sediment, provided a detailed description of sewage clarification. The results showed that the nature of coagulant species evolves with Fe concentration. Up to the optimum turbidity removal, mainly iron dimers linked with one phosphate anion are detected. At higher dosages, polymers of hydrolyzed Fe appear even though PO(4) still participates in the formation of coagulant species. TEM observation of freeze-dried sediments corroborates such an evolution of Fe speciation. EDXS analyses reveal that minute amounts of sulfur, silicon, aluminum, and calcium, are associated with the coagulant species. Even though the coagulant species change with Fe concentration, the destabilization mechanism, inferred from electrophoretic mobility of aggregates and the evolution of floc size under cyclic changes of stirring conditions, is equivalent with a charge neutralization of sewage colloids in the whole range of coagulant concentration.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Clarification of municipal sewage with ferric chloride: the nature of coagulant species

Samrani¹,

Lartiges²,

Montargès-Pelletier³

et al. 2004

Water Research

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“…As first evidenced by Mattson in 1928, these hydrolysis products form the coagulant species that remove turbidity and colour during water treatment [1]. The hydrolysis of FeCl 3 proceeds with monomers, dimmers, double corner trimers, and polycations that consist in the arrangement of 24 Fe atoms in a BFeOOH local structure [2].…”

Section: Bar Racks and Fine Screensmentioning

confidence: 85%

On-line monitorization in a decarbonator-settling tank for water treatment

Tijero

Moral

Tijero

et al. 2010

WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment

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The objective of this work is the on-line control of the solid-liquid separation process in a water treatment plant using a focused beam reflectance measurement sensor (FBRM) in order to improve the coagulation, precipitation and flocculation of this plant. A previous study of the system is carried out in order to analyze the possible influence of the external variables on the floc mean chord size though of the monitorization of the flocculation tank. The formation of particle aggregates is the product of the addition of an inorganic flocculant (FeCl 3 ) with a subsequent treatment with an organic synthetic flocculant (anionic polyacrilamide) that determine the formed floc properties. The FBRM study of the variations of the mean chord size realised after the changes in the system show an improvement in flocculant diffusion and a greater phase contact. The final objective is to improve the calcium carbonate precipitation conditions, to reduce the membrane fouling and avoid the deposit formation in the plant surface. The trials carried out a characterization of the waters before and after changes in the system in order to establish whether the final properties of the water fulfil the parameters required for its posterior use. The results obtained show that the measurement system FBRM is an on-line sensor that is good enough to be used as a control and prediction method in the water treatment industries. Furthermore, the relations between the data obtained by the sensor and the properties of the water after the depuration allow control of the outlet water.

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“…Under insoluble conditions, only electrical neutralization prevents chitosan decomposition from the basal layer. In order to dissolve molecules to overcome electrical neutralization, pH changes or voltage supplements are required 31 . However, under storage conditions, there were no additional condition changes and chitosan coating maintained its strong bond between basal layers to prevent the release of inner molecules.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermodynamic Insights and Conceptual Design of Skin-Sensitive Chitosan Coated Ceramide/PLGA Nanodrug for Regeneration of Stratum Corneum on Atopic Dermatitis

Jung

Yoon

Lee

et al. 2015

Sci Rep

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Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a complex skin disease primarily characterized by psoriasis of the stratum corneum. AD drugs have usually been used in acidic and hydrophilic solvents to supply moisture and prevent lipid defects. Ceramide is a typical treatment agent to regenerate the stratum corneum and relieve symptoms of AD. However, ceramide has limitation on direct use for skin because of its low dispersion properties in hydrophilic phase and side effects at excessive treatment. In this study, ceramide imbedded PLGA nanoparticles were developed with chitosan coating (Chi-PLGA/Cer) to overcome this problem. The chitosan coating enhanced initial adherence to the skin and prevented the initial burst of ceramide, but was degraded by the weakly acidic nature of skin, resulting in controlled release of ceramide with additional driving force of the squeezed PLGA nanoparticles. Additionally, the coating kinetics of chitosan were controlled by manipulating the reaction conditions and then mathematically modeled. The Chi-PLGA/Cer was not found to be cytotoxic and ceramide release was controlled by pH, temperature, and chitosan coating. Finally, Chi-PLGA/Cer was demonstrated to be effective at stratum corneum regeneration in a rat AD model. Overall, the results presented herein indicated that Chi-PLGA/Cer is a novel nanodrug for treatment of AD.

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Cataphoresis and the Electrical Neutralization of Colloidal Material.

Cited by 74 publications

References 0 publications

Clarification of municipal sewage with ferric chloride: the nature of coagulant species

Clarification of municipal sewage with ferric chloride: the nature of coagulant species

On-line monitorization in a decarbonator-settling tank for water treatment

Thermodynamic Insights and Conceptual Design of Skin-Sensitive Chitosan Coated Ceramide/PLGA Nanodrug for Regeneration of Stratum Corneum on Atopic Dermatitis

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