Catalyzing carbonization function of α-ZrP based intumescent fire retardant polypropylene nanocomposites

Yang, Danni; Hu, Yuan; Song, Lei; Nie, Shibin; He, Shuqin; Cai, Yibing

doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2008.02.012

Cited by 124 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The catalytic degradation of polypropylene (PP) macromolecules and the acceleration of the carbonization process induced by OZrP modified with CTBA has been reported in PP/APP/pentaerythritol system, which resulted in the sample PP/IFR (24%)/OZrP (2.5%) with UL-94 V-0 classification [6]. ZrP modified with different salts exhibited various effects on PS/IFR.…”

Section: Flammabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By the sequence of esterification, carbonization, expansion and solidification, the intumescent char generated from the IFR will cover the underlying material to protect it from the heat or flame and slow the mass transfer [1] and [2]. Over the past decade, inorganic nanofillers (montmorillonite clay [3] and [4], carbon nanotubes, [5] zirconium phosphate [6]), metallic oxides [7], [8], [9] and [10] (MoO3, Fe2O3, TiO2, La2O3) and catalysts [11] have been added to the IFR to improve its flame retardant efficiency and thermal stability. As expected, the synergistic or catalytic effect induced by the addition will modify the chemical and/or physical behavior of the char and impart superior flame retardancy to polymeric materials, compared to those containing IFR alone.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Study on intumescent flame retarded polystyrene composites with improved flame retardancy

Wilkie

2010

Polymer Degradation and Stability

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Abstract:The flame retardancy and thermal stability of ammonium polyphosphate/tripentaerythritol (APP/TPE) intumescent flame retarded polystyrene composites (PS/IFR) combined with organically-modified layered inorganic materials (montmorillonite clay and zirconium phosphate), nanofiber (multiwall carbon nanotubs), nanoparticle (Fe2O3) and nickel catalyst were evaluated by cone calorimetry, microscale combustion calorimetry (MCC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Cone calorimetry revealed that a small substitution of IFR by most of these fillers (≤2%) imparted substantial improvement in flammability performance. The montmorillonite clay exhibited the highest efficiency in reducing the peak heat release rate of PS/IFR composite, while zirconium phosphate modified with C21H26NClO3S exhibited a negative effect. The yield and thermal stability of the char obtained from TGA correlated well with the reduction in the peak heat release rate in the cone calorimeter. Since intumesence is a condensed-NOT THE PUBLISHED VERSION; this is the author's final, peer-reviewed manuscript. The published version may be accessed by following the link in the citation at the bottom of the page.

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Section: Flammabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on intumescent flame retarded polystyrene composites with improved flame retardancy

Wilkie

2010

Polymer Degradation and Stability

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“…In order to enhance the flame retardancy, new intumescent flame retardant systems have been developed rapidly [3,[6][7][8], which has high flame retardant efficiency. In addition, some synergistic agents have also been used to improve further the flame retardant of intumescent flame retardant PP systems, such as nano-Mn 0.4 Zn 0.6 Fe 2 O 4 [9], zeolites [10], montmorillonite [11,12], silica [13], alumina [13], silicotungstic acid [14], lanthanum oxide [15,16], nano-BaWO 4 [17], expandable graphite [18], iron powder [19], nanoflaky manganese phosphate [20], phosphotungstic acid [21], hydroxy silicone oil [22], a-ZrP [23], colemanite [24], zinc borate [25], polysilsesquioxane [26], borosiloxane [27] and other metallic compounds [1]. Sepiolite is a family of fibrous hydrated magnesium silicate with the theoretical half unit-cell formula Si 12 O 30 Mg 8 (OH) 4 (OH 2 ) 4 ·8H 2 O characterized by a needle-like morphology [28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic effects of sepiolite on intumescent flame retardant polypropylene

Huang¹,

Chen²,

Wang³

et al. 2010

Express Polym. Lett.

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Abstract. In this paper, the effects of sepiolite as a synergistic agent on the flame retardancy of intumescent flame retardant polypropylene (PP/IFR) were studied using the limiting oxygen index (LOI), the UL-94 test, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), laser Raman spectroscopy (LRS), cone calorimeter test (CCT) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the IFR system mainly consisted of the ammonium polyphosphate modified with γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane coupling agent, melamine and dipentaerythritol. The results from the LOI and UL 94 tests show that sepiolite added to the PP/IFR system has a synergistic flame retardant effects with the IFR system. The TGA results reveal that sepiolite enhances the thermal stability of the PP/IFR composite and increases the char residue formation. The cone calorimeter results indicate that the heat release rate, mass loss rate, total heat release and average specific extinction area of the PP/IFR/sepiolite composite decrease in comparison with the PP/IFR composite. The LRS measurements provide useful information on the carbonaceous microstructures. The morphological structures observed by SEM have demonstrated that sepiolite promote the formation of the reinforced and homogeneous char barrier on the surface of the composites. Simultaneously, the Young's modulus and flexural modulus of the PP/IFR composites are also much better improved with the increase of sepiolite added.

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“…Tang [11,12] also has made progress on the research of synergistic effect of nickel catalyst for PP/IFR system. Besides, Hu [13] has recently reported the findings of -ZrP, which acts as a 'solid acid' catalyst as an effective synergistic agent for PP/IFR system. So the use of synergistic agents can produce more efficient flame retardancy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic effect of mesoporous silica SBA‐15 on intumescent flame‐retardant polypropylene

Wei

et al. 2011

Fire and Materials

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SUMMARYMesoporous silica SBA-15 synthesized from Pluronic P123 and tetraethoxysilane was used as a synergistic agent on the flame retardancy of polypropylene (PP)/intumescent flame-retardant (IFR) system. Limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL-94 rating and thermogravimetric analysis were used to evaluate the synergistic effect of SBA-15 on PP/IFR system. It showed that PP/IFR system could reach V-0 with loading of SBA-15 ranging from 0.5 to 3 wt%, while without SBA-15 it had no rating at UL-94 test. The LOI value increased from 25.5 to 32.2 when the loading of SBA-15 was 1 wt%. The thermal stability of PP/IFR was improved in the presence of SBA-15 and the amount of the char residue at 600 • C was increased from 8.96 to 16.42 wt% when loading of SBA-15 varied from 0.5 to 5 wt%. Laser Raman spectroscopy (LRS) and scanning electron microscopy were employed to study the morphology of the char residue of PP/IFR system with and without SBA-15.

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Catalyzing carbonization function of α-ZrP based intumescent fire retardant polypropylene nanocomposites

Cited by 124 publications

References 19 publications

Study on intumescent flame retarded polystyrene composites with improved flame retardancy

Study on intumescent flame retarded polystyrene composites with improved flame retardancy

Synergistic effects of sepiolite on intumescent flame retardant polypropylene

Synergistic effect of mesoporous silica SBA‐15 on intumescent flame‐retardant polypropylene

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