Catalyzed Reaction of Cellulose and Lignin with Methyltrimethoxysilane—FT-IR, 13C NMR and 29Si NMR Studies

Siuda, Joanna; Perdoch, Waldemar; Mazela, Bartłomiej; Zborowska, Magdalena

doi:10.3390/ma12122006

Cited by 25 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The FTIR spectra of silane-treated eucalyptus fibers confirm the silanization of the fibers. The characteristic bands localized at 740 and 835 cm −1 correspond to Si-O-Si stretching vibration and Si-C stretching vibration, respectively [70,71]. Bands localized at 1080 and 1227 cm −1 are characteristic for Si-O-C vibration and confirm the successful reaction between silane and cellulose of eucalyptus fibers [70].…”

Section: Characterization Of Eucalyptus Fibersmentioning

confidence: 81%

Effects of Chemically Treated Eucalyptus Fibers on Mechanical, Thermal and Insulating Properties of Polyurethane Composite Foams

et al. 2020

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In this work, rigid polyurethane (PUR) foams were prepared by incorporating 2 wt% of eucalyptus fibers. The eucalyptus fibers were surface-modified by maleic anhydride, alkali, and silane (triphenylsilanol) treatment. The impact of the modified eucalyptus fibers on the mechanical, thermal, and fire performances of polyurethane foams was analyzed. It was observed that the addition of eucalyptus fibers showed improved mechanical and thermal properties and the best properties were shown by silane-treated fibers with a compressive strength of 312 kPa and a flexural strength of 432 kPa. Moreover, the thermal stability values showed the lowest decline for polyurethane foams modified with the silane-treated fibers, due to the better thermal stability of such modified fibers. Furthermore, the flame resistance of polyurethane foams modified with the silane-treated fibers was also the best among the studied composites. A cone calorimetry test showed a decrease in the peak of heat release from 245 to 110 kW∙m−2 by the incorporation of silane-treated fibers. Furthermore, total heat release and total smoke release were also found to decrease remarkably upon the incorporation of silane-treated fibers. The value of limiting oxygen index was increased from 20.2% to 22.1%. Char residue was also found to be increased from 24.4% to 28.3%. It can be concluded that the application of chemically modified eucalyptus fibers has great potential as an additive to incorporate good mechanical, thermal, and fire properties in rigid polyurethane foams.

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Section: Characterization Of Eucalyptus Fibersmentioning

confidence: 81%

Effects of Chemically Treated Eucalyptus Fibers on Mechanical, Thermal and Insulating Properties of Polyurethane Composite Foams

et al. 2020

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“…The C6 of crystalline cellulose and C5 of hemicelluloses have a peak at 65.0 ppm. The C6 amorphous of cellulose is presented in the peak at 63.0 ppm [27][28][29]. The peaks from lignin are present at 173.1 ppm for the carboxyl groups, 148.1 ppm for the C4 carbon atoms, 132.8 ppm for the aryl group, 89.2 ppm for the βO4 and αO4 bond of lignin, and 56.4 ppm for the carbon from the methoxyl groups of lignin.…”

Section: Wood Morphology and Chemistry Study After Organosilanes Imprmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One at -56.0 ppm, which corresponds to the T2 form of the organosilanes (siloxane linear groups with two siloxanes bond), and the other peak at -65.9 ppm, which corresponds to the T3 form of the organosilanes (complex cross linked structure with the three siloxanes bonds). The T1, T2, and T3 forms of organosilanes are presented in Figure 5 [28,31].…”

Section: Wood Morphology and Chemistry Study After Organosilanes Imprmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement of White Spruce Wood Dimensional Stability by Organosilanes Sol-Gel Impregnation and Heat Treatment

Schorr

Blanchet

2020

Materials

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Wood is a living material with a dimensional stability problem. White spruce wood is a Canadian non-permeable wood that is used for siding applications. To improve this property, white spruce wood was treated with organosilanes sol-gel treatment with different moisture content (oven dried, air dried, and green wood). No major morphological changes were observed after treatment. However, organosilanes were impregnated into the cell wall without densifying the wood and without modifying the wood structure. Si-O-C chemical bonds between organosilanes and wood and Si-O-Si bonds were confirmed by FTIR and NMR, showing the condensation of organosilanes. The green wood (41% moisture content) showed only 26% dimensional stability due to the presence of too much water for organosilanes treatment. With a moisture content of 14%–18% (oven dried or air dried wood), the treatment was adapted to obtain the best improvement in dimensional stability of 35% and a 25% reduction of water vapor sorption. Finally, impregnation with organosilanes combined with the appropriate heat treatment improved the dimensional stability of white spruce wood by up to 35%. This treated Canadian wood could be an interesting option to validate for siding application in Canada.

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“…As shown in Figure 3 a, the absorption peaks near 2936, 1128, 1009, 891, 712, and 492 cm −1 , are attributed to the stretching vibrations of C-H, P=O, P-O − , P-OH, COPO 3 2− , and PO 4 3− structures from the PA molecules, respectively [ 40 , 41 ]. Three characteristic peaks at 471, 797, and 1111 cm −1 are assigned to different modes of vibration for Si-O-Si [ 42 , 43 , 44 ]. From the spectrum of the PA–silica sol, the vibrations of P-O − , P-OH, and COPO 3 2− disappeared, indicating the incorporation of the PA molecules into the silica network.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Construction of a Phytic Acid–Silica System in Wood for Highly Efficient Flame Retardancy and Smoke Suppression

et al. 2021

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The intrinsic flammability of wood restricts its application in various fields. In this study, we constructed a phytic acid (PA)–silica hybrid system in wood by a vacuum-pressure impregnation process to improve its flame retardancy and smoke suppression. The system was derived from a simple mixture of PA and silica sol. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) indicated an incorporation of the PA molecules into the silica network. Thermogravimetric (TG) analysis showed that the system greatly enhanced the char yield of wood from 1.5% to 32.1% (in air) and the thermal degradation rates were decreased. The limiting oxygen index (LOI) of the PA/silica-nanosol-treated wood was 47.3%. Cone calorimetry test (CCT) was conducted, which revealed large reductions in the heat release rate and smoke production rate. The appearance of the second heat release peak was delayed, indicating the enhanced thermal stability of the char residue. The mechanism underlying flame retardancy was analyzed by field-emission scanning electron microscope coupled with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), FTIR, and TG-FTIR. The improved flame retardancy and smoke-suppression property of the wood are mainly attributed to the formation of an intact and coherent char residue with crosslinked structures, which can protect against the transfer of heat and mass (flammable gases, smoke) during burning. Moreover, the hybrid system did not significantly alter the mechanical properties of wood, such as compressive strength and hardness. This approach can be extended to fabricate other phosphorus and silicon materials for enhancing the fire safety of wood.

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Catalyzed Reaction of Cellulose and Lignin with Methyltrimethoxysilane—FT-IR, 13C NMR and 29Si NMR Studies

Cited by 25 publications

References 36 publications

Effects of Chemically Treated Eucalyptus Fibers on Mechanical, Thermal and Insulating Properties of Polyurethane Composite Foams

Effects of Chemically Treated Eucalyptus Fibers on Mechanical, Thermal and Insulating Properties of Polyurethane Composite Foams

Improvement of White Spruce Wood Dimensional Stability by Organosilanes Sol-Gel Impregnation and Heat Treatment

Construction of a Phytic Acid–Silica System in Wood for Highly Efficient Flame Retardancy and Smoke Suppression

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