Catalyzed HTPB/HDI-Trimer Curing Reactions and Influence on Pot Life

Liu, Yucun; Guo, Jiahu; Chai, Tianyou; Yu, Yonggang; Jun, Yuan; Sang, Jing; Feng, Fawei; Zhong, Lijin; Zhou, Yucun; Zhang, Qin; Guo-dong, Wang

doi:10.3390/coatings10111073

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Previous research [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] of the HTPB curing reaction kinetics focused on the effects of dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTDL), ferric acetylacetonate (FeAA), triphenyl bismuth (TPB) and tin 2-ethylhexanoate (TECH) on the HTPB/IPDI binder system. DBTDL exhibited a strong catalyzing effect on the reaction between isocyanate and alcohols, so-called a gel catalyst.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Curing Reaction Kinetics of the EHTPB-Based PBX Binder System and Its Mechanical Properties

et al. 2020

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In this research, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was employed to compare the curing reaction kinetics of the epoxidized hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene-isophorone diisocyanate (EHTPB-IPDI) and hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene-isophorone diisocyanate (HTPB-IPDI) binder systems. Glass transition temperature (Tg) and mechanical properties of the EHTPB-IPDI and HTPB-IPDI binder systems were determined using the DSC method and a universal testing machine, respectively. For the EHTPB-IPDI binder system, the change of viscosity during the curing process in the presence of dibutyltin silicate (DBTDL) and tin 2-ethylhexanoate (TECH) catalysts was studied, and the activation energy was estimated. The results show that the activation energies (Ea) of the curing reaction of the EHTPB-IPDI and HTPB-IPDI binder systems are 53.8 and 59.1 kJ·mol−1, respectively. While their average initial curing temperatures of the two systems are 178.2 and 189.5 °C, respectively. The EHTPB-IPDI binder system exhibits a higher reactivity. Compared with the HTPB-IPDI binder system, the Tg of the EHTPB-IPDI binder system is increased by 5 °C. Its tensile strength and tear strength are increased by 12% and 17%, respectively, while its elongation at break is reduced by 10%. Epoxy groups and isocyanates react to form oxazolidinones, thereby improving the mechanical properties and thermal stability of polyurethane materials. These differences indicate that the EHTPB-IPDI binder system has better thermal stability and mechanical properties. During the EHTPB-IPDI binder system’s curing process, the DBTDL catalyst may ensure a higher viscosity growth rate, indicating a better catalytic effect, consistent with the prediction results obtained using the non-isothermal kinetic analysis method.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Curing Reaction Kinetics of the EHTPB-Based PBX Binder System and Its Mechanical Properties

et al. 2020

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“…According to the crosslinking density, one of the main factors that influence the properties of the propellant is the type of elastomeric network formed with the binder. The higher the crosslinking density, the better the mechanical properties [101].…”

Section: Binder Network Structure: Effect Of Chain Extenders and Cros...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Properties of Hydroxyl‐Terminal Polybutadiene (HTPB) and Its Use as a Liner and Binder for Composite Propellants: A Review of Recent Advances

Amado

Ross

Murakami

et al. 2022

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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This paper reviews hydroxyl-terminal polybutadiene (HTPB) used as liner and binder for composite propellants, applied in rocket motors studied throughout the last decades, emphasizing the recent advances. The contribution aims to show the importance of HTPB in the propellant composition and on the liner coating of the rocket motor, which is in contact with the propellant grain. This paper also shows that many researchers have thoroughly studied several properties of HTPB, which are rele-vant to its role in liners and propellants. We have also reviewed analytical techniques such as Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) as a characterization technique for HTPB and HTPB-based polyurethanes. Reflection and transfectants FTIR may be a future trend in studies about polymeric matrices for liners and propellants, and in the area of propellant formulations that use energetic binders, graphene and nanomaterials.

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“…In comparison, aliphatic isocyanates generate products with superior durability under harsh conditions and primarily are used in paint and surface coatings (e.g., automotive, aerospace, military) [10][11][12]. Aliphatic isocyanates also have specialty applications in solid propellants [13,14], polymer bonded explosives [13,15], and medical devices [16,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contemporary industrial settings HDI has been largely replaced with polymeric hexamethylene diisocyanate formulations, as they have reduced volatility and thus less potential for lower respiratory tract exposure [12]. The most commonly used formulations (Fig 1 ) are "trimers" of HDI, the isocyanurate and the biuret (prepared with limited addition of water), with slightly different properties that impart distinct advantages/disadvantages in the final product [12,15]. A "dimeric" form of HDI containing an internally blocked uretdione moiety is also employed for specialty applications and has reduced viscosity making it useful as a "thinning" agent suitable for mixing with other isocyanates [12,28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glutathione reactivity with aliphatic polyisocyanates

Wisnewski

Liu

2022

PLoS ONE

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Isocyanate chemicals known to cause adverse health effects when inhaled are essential to making important products and are used in multiple industries. Glutathione (GSH), a major antioxidant of the lower airways with a well described role in xenobiotic metabolism, is a primary reaction target for di-isocyantes. However, GSHs reactivity with poly-isocyanates which have largely replaced diisocyanates (particularly aliphatic) in most end-user settings remains uncertain. We hypothesized aliphatic polyisocyanates would readily react with glutathione under physiologic conditions and the products could be identified using liquid chromatography (LC) coupled-mass spectrometry (MS) and tandem MS/MS. The data identified (tris)GSH-isocyanate adducts as the major reaction product of GSH with the most commonly used contemporary polymeric (tri-isocyanate) formulations of hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), the isocyanurate and biuret, as [M+H]+ ions of 1426.53 and 1400.55 m/z respectively in reverse phase LC-MS using electrospray in positive ion mode. The uretdione form of HDI, a stabilized dimer, formed two reaction products with GSH, a tris(GSH)-isocyanate reaction product recognized as a 1258.44 m/z [M+H]+ ion, and a bis(GSH)-isocyanate product identified as a 951.36 m/z [M+H]+ ion. Predicted structures for the newly described GSH-polyisocyanate reaction products, modeled based on collision induced dissociation (CID) fragmentation patterns in tandem MS/MS, support S-linkage of the GSH to N = C = O groups. In summary, industrially-used aliphatic polyisocyanates readily react with GSH to form primarily S-linked tris(GSH)-conjugates, a process that may play an important role in response to respiratory tract exposure.

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Catalyzed HTPB/HDI-Trimer Curing Reactions and Influence on Pot Life

Cited by 10 publications

References 28 publications

Curing Reaction Kinetics of the EHTPB-Based PBX Binder System and Its Mechanical Properties

Curing Reaction Kinetics of the EHTPB-Based PBX Binder System and Its Mechanical Properties

Properties of Hydroxyl‐Terminal Polybutadiene (HTPB) and Its Use as a Liner and Binder for Composite Propellants: A Review of Recent Advances

Glutathione reactivity with aliphatic polyisocyanates

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