Catalytic Wet Oxidation of Ferulic Acid (A Model Lignin Compound) Using Heterogeneous Copper Catalysts

Bhargava, Suresh K.; Jani, Harit; Tardio, James; Akolekar, Deepak B.; Hoang, Manh

doi:10.1021/ie070085d

Cited by 40 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(19 reference statements)

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“…The supported Cu-Ni nanocatalyst prepared in this study by the galvanic replacement reaction was compared with conventional high surface area copper based catalysts as well as homogeneous Cu 2+ ions. The conventional heterogeneous catalysts used in this study (Cu-Alumina and Cu-Kaolin) were prepared by ion-impregnation method, as described in our previous studies [28]. CuCl 2 was used as the homogeneous catalyst for CWAO studies.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to compare the Cu-Ni catalyst formed by the transmetallation reaction with the conventional Cu-based catalysts, high surface area catalysts (Cu-Alumina and Cu-Kaolin) were synthesized using ion-impregnation method. [28] As is evident from Figure 7A, Cu-Kaolin and Cu-Alumina synthesized by conventional methods show much lesser oxidative activity (11 % and 32 % respectively in 15 min) in comparison with a Cu-Ni catalyst synthesized by the galvanic replacement method (45 % in 15 min). The higher oxidative activity of the Cu-Ni nanocatalyst can be attributed to the atomic-level porosity and the high number of defect sites in the Cu-Ni catalyst generated as a result of replacement reaction.…”

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confidence: 87%

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Galvanic Replacement Reaction on Metal Films: A One‐Step Approach to Create Nanoporous Surfaces for Catalysis

et al. 2008

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Porous materials are of great interest because of their interesting structural, optical and surface properties, leading to a wide range of applications. [1,2] Among the various properties of porous materials, their high specific surface area, low density, and cost-effectiveness are particularly notable and make them attractive candidates for catalysis, [3] sensing [4] and actuation [5] applications. Nanoporous particles in particular are attractive candidates for these applications, because of their higher surface-to-volume ratio in comparison with bulk counterparts. There have been numerous efforts towards the solution-based synthesis of porous and hollow metal nanoparticles, [6][7][8][9][10] however their applicability is limited as the assembly of individual nanoparticles present in solution is still a major challenge. There have also been limited efforts towards the creation of porosity in thin films. [11] Most of the efforts in this direction have been limited to the de-alloying process, in which one of the components of an alloy is selectively dissolved using an acid, leaving behind a porous network/channel of the more noble metal component. [11,12] However, the acid-mediated de-alloying process requires the cumbersome task of alloy formation and has limited applicability to those metal alloy systems wherein both of the metal components dissolve into the de-alloying solution (acid). This therefore necessitates the use of a different approach for the creation of porosity in supported metal thin films and/or metal foils, which can be universally applied to all the metallic systems. Recently, galvanic replacement reactions (transmetallation reactions) involving sacrificial metal nanoparticles and suitable metal ions have been employed by various groups [13][14][15][16][17][18] for the synthesis of hollow/porous metal [13,14] and metal alloy [15,16] nanostructures in aqueous [14][15][16][17] and organic environments. [18] Galvanic replacement reactions are single-step reactions that utilize the differences in the standard electrode potentials of various elements, leading to deposition of the more noble element and dissolution of the less noble component. The electroless nature of galvanic replacement reactions provides them the unique and significant advantage of simplicity. Very recently, the potential of galvanic replacement reactions was also explored for the epitaxial growth of thin films. [19] In this study, we have investigated the scope of galvanic replacement reactions as a versatile tool for the creation of nanoscale porosity in metal foils as a representative of bulk metal surfaces. More specifically, the reaction of Cu 2+ ions with nickel foil results in a Cu-Ni nanoporous surface. The Cu-Ni nanoporous material has been characterized by using various microscopy tools including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Auger microscopy in addition to X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. Recognizing that such nanoporous surfa...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 87%

Galvanic Replacement Reaction on Metal Films: A One‐Step Approach to Create Nanoporous Surfaces for Catalysis

et al. 2008

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“…Catalysts have been used in both acidic and alkaline oxidation to increase the yield of aldehydes [33,80]. Catalysts used in lignin oxidation range from metalsupported alumina catalysts like Pd/Al 2 O 3 [107] and Cu-Ni/ Al 2 O 3 [108] to a wide variety of homogenous catalysts [89,109]. Metal salt-based catalysts such as CuO, CuSO 4 , FeCl 3 , and MnSO 4 are the most frequently reported catalysts for lignin oxidation, usually using molecular oxygen as oxidant [33,36,110].…”

Section: Catalysts In Lignin Conversionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lignin Depolymerization and Conversion: A Review of Thermochemical Methods

2010

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The structure of lignin suggests that it can be a valuable source of chemicals, particularly phenolics. However, lignin depolymerization with selective bond cleavage is the major challenge for converting it into value-added chemicals. Pyrolysis (thermolysis), gasification, hydrogenolysis, chemical oxidation, and hydrolysis under supercritical conditions are the major thermochemical methods studied with regard to lignin depolymerization. Pyrolytic oil and syngases are the primary products obtained from pyrolysis and gasification. A significant amount of char is also produced during pyrolysis. Thermal treatment in a hydrogen environment seems very promising for converting lignin to liquid fuel and chemicals like phenols, while oxidation can produce phenolic aldehydes. Reaction severity, solvents, and catalysts are the factors of prime importance that control yield and composition of the product. IntroductionThe depleting stocks of fossil fuels and the growing concern over the excessive emission of greenhouse gases have forced researchers to investigate renewable, abundant and comparably cleaner alternatives to liquid fuels and chemicals produced from petroleum [1][2][3]. Biomass appears to be a promising alternative and a renewable source for fuels and chemicals. Significant achievements have already been made in the production of ethanol fuel from biomass, primarily starch and sugarrich components. However, research on second-generation bioethanol is focused on a more abundant [4,5] and often relatively cheap [6][7][8] biomass feedstock known as lignocellulosic biomass. Lignocellulosic biomass consists of three basic components: cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Cellulose is a linear polymer of glucose consisting of parts with crystalline structure and parts with amorphous structure [9], while hemicellulose is an amorphous, heterogeneously branched polymer of pentoses and hexoses, mainly xylose, arabinose, mannose, galactose, and glucose. Lignin is an amorphous and highly branched polymer of phenylpropane units, which can account for up to 40 % of the dry biomass weight [10]. The concept of a biorefinery that integrates processes and technologies for biomass conversion demands efficient utilization of all three components [11]. Most of the biorefinery schemes, however, are focused on utilizing easily convertible fractions while lignin remains relatively underutilized to its potential [11]. The lignocellulosics-to-ethanol process makes use of the cellulose and hemicelluloses, leaving lignin as waste. In addition, pulp and paper refineries also generate huge amounts of lignin. Presently, lignin is being utilized as a low-grade boiler fuel to provide heat and power to the process [3]. However, the chemical structure of lignin suggests that it may be a good source of valuable chemicals if it could be broken into smaller molecular units [7].Several studies have been done to convert lignin to more value-added products. These include attempts to convert lignin to liquid fuel additives and commercially important chem...

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“…Oxidative treatments of lignin are aimed to the production of high added-value aromatics, especially aromatic aldehyde flavors. The increase of the O/C ratio in oxidative treatments render them inappropriate for the production of fuels but justifies some interest in total oxidation of lignin-containing paper mill wastes or selective oxidation of lignin-derived alcohols to aldehydes [12,[67][68][69]. In this chapter, we will only examine applications of heterogeneous catalysis to selective oxidative fractionation of lignin or model oligomers Q4 (Table 13.2).…”

Section: Heterogeneous Catalysis For Lignin Depolymerizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterogeneous Catalysis as a Tool for Production of Aromatic Compounds From Lignin

Awan

Tanchoux

Quignard

et al. 2019

Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis

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Catalytic Wet Oxidation of Ferulic Acid (A Model Lignin Compound) Using Heterogeneous Copper Catalysts

Cited by 40 publications

References 16 publications

Galvanic Replacement Reaction on Metal Films: A One‐Step Approach to Create Nanoporous Surfaces for Catalysis

Galvanic Replacement Reaction on Metal Films: A One‐Step Approach to Create Nanoporous Surfaces for Catalysis

Lignin Depolymerization and Conversion: A Review of Thermochemical Methods

Heterogeneous Catalysis as a Tool for Production of Aromatic Compounds From Lignin

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