Catalytic wet air oxidation of substituted phenols using activated carbon as catalyst

Suárez-Ojeda, María Eugenia; Stüber, Frank; Fortuny, A.; Fabregat, Azael; Carrera, Julián; Font, Josep

doi:10.1016/j.apcatb.2004.11.017

Cited by 110 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Each sample is washed, dried at 110°C for 12 h, and stored under an inert atmosphere at room temperature. For the pilot-plant experiments and batch kinetic study, the 1.5 mm particles are sieved to get the 1.25-1.6 mm fraction (D [4,3] …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The intrinsic kinetics of phenol oxidation is thus derived using a batch reactor model that accounts for transient diffusion of both oxygen and phenol inside the catalyst pores. 16 In the model, spherical geometry is assumed with D [4,3] ) 1.0 mm as the reference diameter and a tortuosity value of 3 to evaluate the effective diffusivities of oxygen and phenol.…”

Section: Kinetic Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 Recently, catalysts with improved stability in CWAO of phenol and various substituted phenols have been developed based on noble metals, 2 mixed oxides, 3 or active carbon (AC). 4 By employment of AC, unit operations of adsorption and reaction are naturally combined in an adsorptive oxidation reactor. CWAO over AC becomes especially attractive when integrated in adsorption-oxidation cycles 5 or biological end treatments 6 because complete mineralization of organic pollutants by CWAO alone is no longer required.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Scale-up and Modeling of Fixed-Bed Reactors for Catalytic Phenol Oxidation over Adsorptive Active Carbon

Suwanprasop

Eftaxias

Stüber

et al. 2005

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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The wet air oxidation of phenol over a commercial active carbon catalyst has been studied in laboratory-scale and pilot-plant fixed-bed reactors at mild temperatures and oxygen partial pressures of 120-160°C and 0.05-0.2 MPa, respectively. The performances of the fixed-bed reactors have been assessed and compared to each other for both up-and downflow operation mode. Depending on the flow mode and reactor scale, distinct phenol destruction rates have been observed in the experiments. A series of batch experiments are carried out to obtain phenol removal kinetics, which are subsequently implemented in the modeling of the pilot-plant fixedbed reactor. A one-dimensional, nonisothermal piston dispersion model is developed to describe in detail the interplay of reaction kinetics, gas-liquid hydrodynamics, and heat and mass transfer in both flow directions. The model predicts reasonably well the experimental data, thus allowing for a thorough explanation of the observed pilot-plant reactor performance.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Kinetic Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Scale-up and Modeling of Fixed-Bed Reactors for Catalytic Phenol Oxidation over Adsorptive Active Carbon

Suwanprasop

Eftaxias

Stüber

et al. 2005

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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“…The degradation intermediates of phenol were also determined with HPLC via a method previously described with slight modification [33,36,37]. The chromatographic conditions were as follows: acclaim 120 C 16 column (5 m, 120 Å; 4.6 mm × 150 mm); samples were injected into a 20 L loop; mobile phase was methanol-water containing 5% H 3 PO 4 (10:90) with a flow rate of 1 mL min −1 .…”

Section: Degradation Intermediates and Tocmentioning

confidence: 99%

Superparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles as catalysts for the catalytic oxidation of phenolic and aniline compounds

Zhang

Zhao

Niu

et al. 2009

Journal of Hazardous Materials

405

176

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a b s t r a c tFe 3 O 4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) with diameters about 10 nm were synthesized successfully and used to remove phenol and aniline from aqueous solution. The results showed that phenol and aniline could be eliminated easily from solution under acidic and neutral conditions in the presence of MNPs and H 2 O 2 . When the concentrations of Fe 3 O 4 MNPs and H 2 O 2 were 5 g L −1 and 1.2 M, respectively, phenol and aniline could be removed completely after 6 h of reaction at 308 K, and the total organic carbon (TOC) abatement efficiency for phenol and aniline were 42.79% and 40.38%. Some intermediates such as formic acid, acetic acid, fumaric acid and hydroquinone were detected during reaction. Fe 3 O 4 MNPs exhibited good stability and reusability, also showed excellent catalysis ability to eliminate some substituted phenolic and aniline compounds from solution. Fe 3 O 4 MNPs had good superparamagnetism and was readily separated from solution by applying an external magnetic field. Finally we proposed that phenol and aniline might be degraded by the hydroxyl free radicals (·OH) released from H 2 O 2 in the presence of Fe 3 O 4 MNPs as catalysts.

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“…If non-volatile compounds are also present, the problem should be solved with other tools e.g. membrane processes or wet oxidation [13]- [16]. All this is an increasing challenge for engineers to develop new processes which enables factories to fulfil the environmental regulations [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New area for distillation: wastewater treatment

Koczka¹,

Mizsey²

2010

Per. Pol. Chem. Eng.

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The protection of our environment is an actual and global problem in our time and the wastewater treatment is its important part. It is based on biological treatment. In certain cases, however, due to special regulations, the biological tools are not allowed and other options should be considered and selected. The incineration is an alternative but impact assessment studies show that it can make a serious burden upon the environment as well as it might be an expensive solution. Physico-chemical tools can mean a realistic alternative in such cases. In case of wastewater containing organic solvents (ethanol, ethyl-acetate, toluene, halogenated solvents, etc.), that is typical for wastewaters of medicine and fine chemical industries, the distillation is a powerful tool to remove the volatile polluting compounds. These volatile organic compounds (VOC) can contribute significantly to the chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the wastewater. This contribution we call VOC-COD. The Adsorbable Organically Bound Halogens (AOX) can be removed also with distillation. Industrial case studies show that the distillation offers a realistic alternative and the recovered solvents can be also utilised. The COD can be reduced in certain cases below the emission limit (1000 mg/lit) and the AOX, after the physico-chemical treatment, is less than 8 mg/lit.

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Catalytic wet air oxidation of substituted phenols using activated carbon as catalyst

Cited by 110 publications

References 40 publications

Scale-up and Modeling of Fixed-Bed Reactors for Catalytic Phenol Oxidation over Adsorptive Active Carbon

Scale-up and Modeling of Fixed-Bed Reactors for Catalytic Phenol Oxidation over Adsorptive Active Carbon

Superparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles as catalysts for the catalytic oxidation of phenolic and aniline compounds

New area for distillation: wastewater treatment

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