Catalytic vapor-phase alkylation of phenol with methanol

Catalytic Upgrading of Phenolic Oil by Etherification with Methanol

“…Alkaline metal‐loaded catalysts have been found effective in O‐methylation of phenol with methanol 21, 22. Kirichenko et al.…”

“…Kirichenko et al. 21 found a high anisole selectivity of 93.9 % with a phenol conversion of 81 % when NaX was used as catalyst. Sarala et al 22 stated that the existence of Cs in samarium phosphate can enhance the anisole selectivity.…”

“…DMC, as a frequently used green chemical for methylation, can be synthesized from oxidative carbonylation of methanol 20, but the synthesis of DMC increased the complexity of the anisole synthetic process. Thus, another method using methanol for direct methylation was studied as well 21, 22. However, the product from etherification of phenol with methanol is more complex, and the product selectivity is more difficult to be controlled compared to that from the DMC process.…”

Synthesis of anisole by vapor phase methylation of phenol with methanol over catalysts supported on activated alumina

“…Anisole is an important industrial chemical and intermediate product used for perfumes, flavoring agents, and organic synthesis [1,2]. Anisole is usually synthesized by a liquid phase process in an alkaline environment, such as the reaction between sodium phenolate and dimethyl sulfate, the reaction between bromobenzene and methanol, and the reaction between sodium phenolate and chloromethane [2].…”

“…DMC, a green chemical material that is used for methylation, can be synthesized from the oxidative carbonylation of methanol [6], but the synthesis of DMC increases the complexity and cost of the anisole synthetic process. So, another method that uses methanol for direct methylation to replace DMC was studied [1,[7][8][9]. However, in the reaction between phenol and methanol, the product composition is more complicated, and the product from O-methylation (methylation on the oxygen atom of the phenolic hydroxyl group) of phenol is more difficult to obtain compared to that from C-methylation (methylation on the carbon atom of the aromatic ring) [10][11][12][13][14][15][16].…”