Catalytic valorization of lignocellulosics: from bulk biofuels to value‐added chemicals

Abstract

Lignocellulose is a key starting material for the production of biofuels, biochemicals, and biomaterials. This review discusses various catalytic systems, including homogeneous and heterogeneous catalytic systems, for biomass valorization. Different strategies of biomass‐derived catalyst systems for value‐added chemicals are evaluated. Novel strategies for using biomass‐derived carbon‐based catalysts are proposed as a potential way to make the valorization process economically viable. This review also provides a comprehensive assessment of the fabrication of biomass‐derived carbon as catalytic support for biorefinery applications and discussion about mechanism of the synergistic catalytic effect between the biochar and catalyst. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

Market prospects for biochar production and application in California

“…70,71 Stormwater management may be a future market for biochar as cities and residents look for ways to increase infiltration of water while reducing toxins. 72 Other areas being investigated are the potential role of biochar as a catalyst support in chemical synthesis, 73,74 as eco-friendly building materials and additives in construction sector, 75,76 and as a filler or a cover in landfill areas. 77 Instead of biochar production, the biomass considered could be used for energy and fuels.…”

Understanding the mechanism of enhanced alcoholysis of biomass carbohydrates to alkyl levulinates over bifunctional catalysts: does it resemble that in water?

“…7,8 These biomass-derived carbohydrates have drawn increasing attention as promising alternatives to crude oil for the sustainable production of biofuels and value-added chemicals. 9,10 Moreover, these conversions can be achieved using environmentally friendly systems, such as ionic liquids, 11,12 high-pressure fluids 13 and deep eutectic solvents, 14 which contribute to a greener production process.…”

Chemocatalytic value addition of glucose without carbon–carbon bond cleavage/formation reactions: an overview

“… 20 Noble metals and non-noble metal-based heterogeneous solids, ionic liquids, ion-exchange resins, metal–organic frameworks, zeolites, and polyoxometalates are frequently used catalysts in biorefinery operations. 21 Nanocatalysts and single-atom catalysts (SACs) are also increasingly being administered in the chemical-catalytic value addition of biomass due to their high activity and selectivity compared to traditional heterogeneous catalysts. 22 The preparation of many high-value chemicals from glucose/cellulose involves C–C bond breaking/forming reactions.…”